三国演义-淡江大学机构典藏.PDF

從歷史看真相：《三國演義》的虛與實 17 DOI ：10.6517/MCUT2014.DEC-02 從歷史看真相：《三國演義》的虛與實 古怡青 ＊＊ 摘要 羅貫中撰寫《三國演義》，巧妙運用多種文藝虛構，成功塑造出獨特魅力與形象的 三國人物。但《三國演義》為歷史小說，許多三國人物與歷史故事被曲解，如赤壁之戰 中「三顧茅廬」、「草船借箭」、「孔明借東風」等。本文透過《三國志》等史籍探究《三 國演義》記載三國人物與歷史事實不同之處，論述曹操、諸葛亮、關羽、劉備、張飛、 周瑜等人物形象的轉變，藉以釐清歷史故事的真實性。 關鍵詞 ：《三國演義》、《三國志》、赤壁之戰、曹操、諸葛亮、關羽、劉備、張飛、 周瑜 ＊ 淡江大學歷史系助理教授。 ＊ 本文曾宣讀於2013 年4月 12日明志科技大學舉辦第一屆通識教育「人文與教學」學術研討 會，感謝評論人輔仁大學通識教育中心王惟真兼任助理教授對拙文提出諸多精闢建議，獲益 良多，特此致謝。 18 通識教育學報 （第二期） Seeing the Truth from History ： The Virtuality and Reality of Romance of the Three Kingdoms Ku Yi-Ching Abstract Cleverly using a variety of fiction techniques, Luo Guanzhong successfully created the characters in his Romance of the T hree Kingdoms, with each one of them bearing a unigue charm and image. However, as a historical novel, many characters and episodes in Romance of the Three Kingdoms were distorted, such as “the Battle of Red Cliffs,” “Three visits to the thatched cottage,” “Borrowing arrows with thatched boats,” “Kung Ming borrowing the east wind,” etc. This paper will discusss the differences between the characters in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and those recorded in The Records of the Three Kingdoms and other historical records, such as Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Liu Bei, Zhang Fei, Zhou Yu, etc. , in order to clarify the historical reality of the stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms . Key words ：Romance of the Three Kingdoms , The Records of the Three Kingdoms , The battle of red cliffs , Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu,