论寨峁梁房址的建造使用和废弃-中国考古.PDFVIP

72 考古与文物 2018 年第 1 期 论寨峁梁房址的建造、使用和废弃 孙周勇 邵晶 （陕西省考古研究院） 关键词：寨峁梁房址，建造，使用，废弃 摘要：2014 至 2015 连续两年的考古工作，清理了晋陕高原上目前揭露最为完整的一处龙山时代石城聚落—— 榆林寨峁梁遗址。本文以寨峁梁遗址材料为基础，尝试复原龙山时代以窑洞为主体建筑的前后室房址的建造过程和 使用情况，并着重探讨了寨峁梁前后室房址的废弃时间和废弃原因。通过与中国北方地区发现的史前窑洞的比较， 作者认为，以寨峁梁为代表的前后室房址是窑洞式居址的复合结构和高级形态，半地穴覆顶的前室应为起居空间， 掏挖于生土中的窑洞为卧室。根据灶址的使用和室内器物的相关情况推测，寨峁梁聚落当废弃于夏秋季节，其废弃 原因可能与社会动荡引起的冲突事件相关，寨峁梁龙山先民系突发性的自行迁移。 KEY WORDS: Zhaimaoliang building foundations Construction, Utilization, Abandonment , ABSTRACT: Through the archaeological work in 2014 and 2015, our project exposed a walled-settlement known as the Zhaimaoliang site, which is also the most well-preserved one of similar type on the Jin-Shaan plateau dating to the Longshan period. Based on archaeological materials excavated at the Zhaimaoliang site, the authors reconstruct the construction process and utilization method of the double-roomed yaodong (cave-house), of which the main cave-dwelling is at the back, in the Longshan period. The authors also discusse the cause and time of the abandonment of the double-roomed cave-house. Through comparison with other prehistoric cave-houses found in northern China, the authors suggest that this double-roomed cave-house at the Zhaimaoliang site represented an advanced form of cave-dwelling architecture. The semi- subterranean dwelling in the front was the living room, while the cave-dwelling at the back dug in the natural soil was the bed room. According to the utilization of firing pits and unearthed objects found in the building foundations, it is speculated that Zhaimaoliang settlement was abandoned during the summer and autumn months, and the cause of the abandonment could be related to the violence conflict that might trigger social unrest, the ancient residents at Zhaim