自考0522英语国家概况小抄自考辅导教程.docVIP

PAGE 前言 本书一共包括六个部分：英国、爱尔兰、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰。重点是英国和美国两个国家。 如：meet waterloo：溃败 如：Renaissance men：在多方面都擅长的人 考试大纲见教材附录部分 考题分布： 第一题：选择题。共50题，1题1分，共50分。（英国和美国两个国家各占20题，加拿大和澳大利亚两个国家各占3题，新西兰和阿尔兰两个国家各占2题。） 第二题：用一句回答问题。共10题，1题3分，共30分。（英国和美国各占3题，其余的四题，四个国家一个国家1个题。） 第三题：名词解释。共4题，每题5分，共20分。（英国和美国两个国家各占两个题。其余的国家不出题。） Chapter 1　Land and People ?一、本章知识点 1.重点： ① Different names for Britain and its parts 2.难点、考点： ① Britain’s official name ② British Commonwealth 二、课本内容 （一）Different names for Britain and its parts Strictly speaking, the British Isles, Great Britain and England are all geographical names. 1. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small islands. （see map of UK） The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. 2. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. （UK） capital: London The Republic of Ireland has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin. 3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales. England is the largest, most populous and richest, so people tend to use “England” and “English” when they mean “Britain” and “British”. 4. The British Empire: one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area. 5. The British Empire gradually disappeared and it was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931. The Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. （二）Others Geographical Features 1. The United Kingdom is separated from th