粉末活性炭强化去除黄浦江上游原水中有机污染物研究市政工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 本课题以黄浦江上游水源为原水的各水厂水质达标为研究目标，开展粉末活 性炭强化常规工艺及突发水质污染应急处理研究，通过粉末活性炭最佳炭种、最 佳投加量、最佳吸附时间等试验确定粉末活性炭应用的最佳工艺参数，并分析了 投加粉炭对后继净水系统的影响，建立了粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附等温线以及吸 附动力学模型等，阐述粉末活性炭吸附机理，为选炭提供指导作用。 试验结果表明，粉末活性炭对黄浦江上游原水中有机污染物具有较好的吸附 去除作用。通过炭种比选试验，从性价比、产量、炭源等因素综合分析，最终选 定竹质炭为最佳炭种，最佳投加量为10～15mg／L左右。生产性试验表明，当原 水CODMn5．7mg／L时，投加10mg／L以上竹质炭可使出水COD№低于3mg／L。 投加5．10mg／L粉末活性炭对沉后水和滤后水浊度和余氯影响不显著。 通过模拟不同强度突发酚污染事故粉末活性炭应急处理研究结果表明，竹质 炭对苯酚具有更好的吸附性能。当酚超标O．5倍以下，可以通过强化混凝去除； 当酚超标3～17倍，投加10～40mg／L竹质炭强化常规处理后出水可达标。Langmuir 和Freundlich模型都能较好地描述苯酚在竹质炭上的吸附过程。竹质炭对苯酚的 吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学，PAC炭种、投加量、苯酚初始浓度、原水水 质都能影响PAC对苯酚的吸附量和吸附动力学常数。 最后，通过对粉末活性炭孔隙、比表面积等结构特征与原水溶解性有机物的 分子量分布、亲、疏水性和苯酚的分子特性的匹配关系，较好地阐述了粉末活性 炭吸附机理。研究表明，黄浦江上游原水主要以小分子溶解性有机物为主。粉末 活性炭中孔越发达，越利于原水中有机污染物的吸附去除；而苯酚主要吸附在微 孔区，对于中孔发达的椰壳粉末活性炭可能由于中孔吸附了大量有机物，影响了 苯酚在颗粒内的扩散，阻止苯酚进入微孔。 关键词：黄浦江上游水源，粉末活性炭，强化常规工艺，应急处理，苯酚 AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract With the goal of the qualified water quality from water plants．the studies on enhanced treatment and emergency treatment with PAC were carried out．Through the experiments of PAC type，dosage and adsorption time，the optimum parameters were determined．The effect of PAC on the system of water purification in the water plants was also analyzed，and the phenol adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were built to explain PAC adsorption mechanism to provide guidance for the election of PAC． The results showed that PAC has good adsorption capacity for organic pollutants in raw water from upstream of Huangpu River．Through the comparison and selection of PAC，bamboo based PAC was chosen as the best species．The optimum dosage of 1 5mg／L Was determined．Production test showed that when CODM．of raw water was lower than 5．7mg／L，that of treated water Was less than 3mg／L by the dosage of more than l Omg／L PAC． By simulating different levels of phenol pollution，the emergency treatment with PAC was carried out．The results showed that bamboo based PAC had a better adsorption capacity for phen01．When the concentration of phenol in raw water w