日本大众休闲和体育的政策导向及其对中国的启示-体育学刊.PDF

第 18 卷第 4 期 体 育 学 刊 Vol.18 No.4 2011 年 7 月 Journal of Physical Education J u l . 2 0 1 1 日本大众休闲和体育的政策导向及其对中国的启示 1 2 胥万兵 ，金银日 13 （1.成都体育学院，四川 成都 610041 ；2.上海体育学院，上海 200438 ） 摘 要：对日本 20 世纪 60 年代至 21 世纪初社会变迁中休闲体育政策导向的考察与分析，获 得经济社会发展先行于中国的日本的政策经验： 1)通过“体育振兴基本计划”的制定，使日本完 善了体育振兴基础建设，提出了具体的休闲体育活动措施；2)20 世纪 80 年代末，少子化、老龄 化社会是日本社会所面临的国家性问题，生涯体育成为新的大众体育取向；3)社会生活环境变迁 使日本大众体育蓬勃开展；4)NPO 法案等政策促进了大众体育经营模式趋向于民间化等。 关 键 词：体育社会学；大众体育；社会变迁；休闲；政策导向；日本 中图分类号：G80-05 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2011)04-0063-04 Policy guidance for mass leisure and sports in Japan and its enlightenment to China 1 2 XU Wan-bing ，JIN Yin-ri （1.Chengdu Sport University，Chengdu 610041，China ；2.Shanghai University of Sport ，Shanghai 200438，China ） Abstract: The authors examined and analyzed policy guidance for leisure and sports in the social transition of Japan from the 1960s to the early 21st century, gained policy experiences of Japan whose social development was carried out earlier than that of China, and put forward the following opinions: 1)the establishment of the “Basic Plan for Sports Revival” enabled Japan to perfect infrastructure construction for sports revival, and put forward specific lei- sure sports activities and measures; 2)in the late 1980s, an aging society lacking of children was a national problem faced by the Japanese society; career sports became a new orientation of mass sports; 3)the transformation of social life environment enabled mass sports in Japan to boom; 4)policie