曼昆经济学_微观部分课件.pdf

PowerPoint® Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Economics, Third Edition N. Gregory Mankiw Prepared by Mark P. Karscig, Central Missouri State University. 1 INTRODUCTION Ten Principles of Economics Copyright © 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of this chapter, we should understand: • that economics is about the allocation of scarce resources. • that individuals face tradeoffs and how to use marginal reasoning when making decisions. • how incentives affect people’s behavior. • why trade among people or nations can be good for everyone. • why markets are a good, but not perfect, way to allocate resources. • what determines some trends in the overall economy. Copyright © 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning Economy. . . . . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” Copyright © 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS • A household and an economy face many decisions: • Who will work? • What goods and how many of them should be produced? • What resources should be used in production? • At what price should the goods be sold? Copyright © 2004 South-Western/Thomson Learning TEN PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS Society and Scarce Resources: • The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. • Scarcity. . . means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services p