消化诊断名词整理.docVIP

What are they? l.Serum-Ascites Albumin Gradient, SAAG The higher the gradient, the greater the portal pressure. concept of high?albumin gradient has supplanted that of transudate Cirrhosis …the most comm on cause of a high-albumi n gradie nt serum albumiascitic fluid albumin v llg/L ― not portal hypertension concept of low-albumin gradient has replaced that of exudate Perit on eal carcinomatosis ? the most comm on cause of a low-albumi n gradie nt 乙Puddle test: positive in elbow-knee position at least 120 ml free fluid in abdominal cavity Definition of Ascites free fluid accumulation within the abdominal cavity morethan 200 ml ^Murphys sign (b and c can be omitted) useful for differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant. Typically, it is positive in cholecystitis, but negative in pyelonephritis andascending cholangitis. If pain is found in the gallbladder area but gallbladder is not palpated , the examiner should put his left hand on the lower lateral rib cage with the 4 fingers stretching superiorly and the thumb hooked under the costal margin? Press down to the point of gallbladder tenderness and ask the patient to breathe deeply and check to see whether the patient stops breathing, changes facial expression, or complains of pain. The sign indicates the inflammation of gallbladder. Courvoisier sign In the prese nee of tumor of the comm on bile duct or head of the pan creas, the wall of the gallbladder is normal, and consequently the organ is capable of distending to the point that it is palpable? Such sign is named Courvoisier sign. Jaundice, no painful palpation, larger gallbladder Indicating pancreatic islet tumor tripleperitonitis sign a. Tenderness, rebound tenderness and spasm of abdominal muscle； Dough kneading sensation 揉面感；柔韧感 If abdominal wall is palpated as pliable and tough, and if it has resista nee and is not easily depressed, then the examiner feels the sensation of dough kneading. Usually seen in tuberculosis peritonitis or cancerous peritonitis