公共卫生实践.pdf

Public Health Practice and Improvement Framework – Practices and Essential Services – 公共卫生实践,改善框架 -实践和关键服务- Public Health Infrastructure Goal 公共卫生基础设施目标  Every health department better prepared  每一个卫生部门都应该准备好  Every community better protected  每一个社区都受很好的保护 What does it take to be fully prepared? 如何才能做好充分的准备？ 2 Step One 第一步 1. Develop a Community Health Assessment Plan 制定 社区卫生评估计划 2. Gather Most Important Data 收集重要数据 3. Interpret the Data 对数据进行分析 4. Report 撰写报告  brief, 简洁  to the point, 重点突出  clear data 数据明晰  specific recommendations 明确的建议 3 Assessment Essential Services 评价关键服务 1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems 监测卫生现状,确定社区卫生问题 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community 诊断和调查社区的卫生问题 和健康危害 3. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services 评价有效 性,可获得性, 以及个人和人群健康服务的质量 4 Causes of Premature Death in the U.S. 1990 1990年美国过早死亡的原因 Cause原因 % of Total Deaths总死亡 Tobacco烟草 38% Diet/activity patterns饮食/运动模式 28% Alcohol酒精 10% Microbial agents微生物 8% Toxic