生命权－以堕胎、安乐死为中心-国立空中大学.PDFVIP

國立空中大學社會科學系 ‧1 社會科學學報 ，民國99 ，17期 ，109～132 生命權－以墮胎、安樂死為中心 （The Discussion of the Right to Life-focus on abortion and euthanasia issuses ） 李 麒 （Lee, Chi ） 摘 要 世界人權宣言第三條規定所有人皆享有生命、自由與人身安全，相較於 其他基本權，生命權為最根本之權利，由於憲法對生命權並無明文規定，使 得此項權利更具討論價值 ，本文針對與生命權密切相關之兩項議題，墮胎、 安樂死問題，自比較法之觀點，分析美國、日本相關憲法法院案例，檢討不 同文化背景、社會特質對法院判決之影響，期能提供國內持續之研究參考。 我國法律繼受外國法制，在移植外國法制時必須考慮隱身於法條背後之價值 體系，包括文化背景、社會特質、歷史與宗教等因素，體會國情差異，審慎 立法方能得到人民信賴，對於安樂死等爭議問題較能尋求客觀、持平之解決 方案。 關鍵詞：世界人權宣言 、生命權、安樂死、墮胎 ．2 社會科學學報 ，民國 99 ，17期 The Discussion of the Right to Life-focus on abortion and euthanasia issuses Lee, Chi Abstract Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights prescribes: “Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.”The right to life is the most fundamental human right among other ones. Since there is no provision in R.O.C. Constitution directly dealing with the right to life, it is much more necessary to dicuss this human right. This article focuses on two issues, abortion and euthanasia, which are closely related to the right to life. From comparable legal perspective, this article will analyze right to life cases which were decided by Supreme Court in America and Japan . Based on these analyses, this article will discuss how culture and society will impact Courts’decisions. Since most of our legal regimes are transplanted from foreign countries, it is very important to consider the differences in culture, society, history and religion when transplanting foreign legal systems. Based on that, we can get objective solutions to abortion, euthanasia and other c