兼具表面活性的疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成和评价-化学工程与技术专业论文.docxVIP

兼具表面活性的疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成和评价王建航(化学工程与技术) 兼具表面活性的疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成和评价 王建航(化学工程与技术) 指导教师：石斌副教授 摘 要 聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)作为一种水溶性高分子聚合物，已广泛应用于各个领域，尤其 在油田三次采油中。但传统的聚丙烯酰胺耐温、耐盐和抗剪切性能差，因此通过疏水改 性获得高性能的改性聚丙烯酰胺成为研究的热点。本文首先合成表面活性大单体 NPloAA(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯)和Span80AA，然后与丙烯酰胺进行共聚，制备 疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺，使其同时具有耐温耐盐、抗剪切性能和表面活性。 首先用丙烯酸分别与NP．10(壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚)和Span80经酯化反应合成表面活 性大单体NPloAA和Span80AA，并确定其最佳酯化反应条件，然后与丙烯酰胺在水溶 液中共聚，合成一系列疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺，并讨论反应条件对共聚物产率和分子量的 影响。采用红外光谱对聚合物分子进行结构表征，采用粘度法测定聚合物的分子量，并 重点考察了疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺溶液的表观粘度、表面张力和界面张力的性质及其影响 因素。 疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺在增粘性方面明显优于聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)，其存在一临界缔合 浓度。在临界缔合浓度以下时，疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺的溶液性质和PAM无差别；当超 过临界缔合浓度时，其溶液表观粘度会大幅升高，耐温、耐盐和抗剪切性能都有不同程 度的提高，并且随共聚物中NPloAA含量的增加其提高程度越明显。此外，更重要的是 合成的疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺还具有PAM所不具备的表面活性功能，其水溶液的表面张 力最低可降至42mN／m，稍高于NP．10临界胶束浓度时的表面张力32mN／m。用柴油作 为油相时，HMPAM溶液的界面张力可由PAM的19．4mN／m降至7．6mN／m。 关键词：疏水改性聚丙烯酰胺，表观粘度，表面张力，界面张力，表面活性大单体，耐 温，耐盐 Synthesis Synthesis and Performance of Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide with Su rface Activity Wang Jianhang(Chemical Engineering and technology) Directed by Associate Prof．Shi Bin Abstract Polyacrylamide(PAM)as a representative of water-soluble polymers has been applied extensively in many fields，especially in enhanced oil recovery．Since there are some limitations in the application of PAM such as low tolerance of high salinity,high temperature and high shear rate，hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide(HMPAM)that can bear the high salinity,high temperature and high shear rate and show surface activity was synthesized by the copolymerization of acrylamide and NP 1 0AA or Span80AA in this paper． First，NPIoAA(Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether acrylate)or Span80AA was synthesized by the esterification ofNP一10(Nonylphenol polyoxyethlene ether)or Span80 and acylic acid．And the optimum reaction conditions were determined in order to enhance esterification yield．Then a series of HMPAM were synthesized by radical copolymerization in water solution．The factors to influence copolymerization yield and molecular weight were discussed．The molecular structure of copolymer wa