茶树茶氨酸的代谢及其育种研究进展.PDF

园艺学报，2016 ，43 (9) ：1791 –1802. Acta Horticulturae Sinica doi ：10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2016-0162；http ：//www. ahs. ac. cn 1791 茶树茶氨酸的代谢及其育种研究进展 方开星，姜晓辉，吴华玲* （广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所，广东省茶树资源创新利用重点实验室，广州 510640 ） 摘 要：茶氨酸是茶树特征性生化物质，不仅能调节茶树氮代谢及转运，影响茶叶品质，同时对人 体还具有镇静、安神等保健功能。茶氨酸含量是数量性状，在茶树体内合成不仅受基因调控且易受环境 影响。对茶氨酸的分布及变化规律、代谢途径及相关基因、外界影响因子及高茶氨酸品种选育等研究现 状进行了综述，旨在为高茶氨酸茶树种质筛选及其高含量形成的机制研究提供参考。 关键词：茶树；茶氨酸；育种；基因 中图分类号：S 571.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2016 ）09-1791-12 Research Progress on Theanine Metabolism and Its Content Breeding in Tea * FANG Kai-xing ，JIANG Xiao-hui ，and WU Hua-ling （Tea Research Institute，Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization ，Guangzhou 510640，China） Abstract ：Theanine is a characteristic biochemical component in tea plant （Camellia sinensis）， which involves in regulation of nitrogen metabolism and transportation，and also in quality of tea. It has health benefits on human being such as relaxation and tranquilization. The content of theanine is a quantitative trait. The synthesis of theanine in tea is not only regulated by genes，but also influenced by environment. This paper presented distribution ，and variation of theanine in C. sinensis. The metabolic pathway and the related genes ，the external factors influencing theanine level as well as the breeding of tea cultivars with high level of theanine were also summarized. And it will provide a reference to select tea resource with high theanine content and research its formation mechanism. Key words ：Camellia sinensis；theanine ；breeding ；gene 茶氨酸是茶树的特征性氨基酸，是茶树体内最重要的次级代谢产物之一，是茶叶鲜爽味的主要 来源，与绿茶品质呈正相关。在红茶制作过程中，游离的氨基酸与糖类反应生成的茶氨酸—糖普化 合物，不仅影响红茶茶汤色泽还对叶底红亮有促进作用。茶氨酸对人体具有镇静、安神等多种生