基于机器视觉的起重机主梁塑性变形检测方法的研究-电子与通讯工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 起重机主梁的塑性变形，会导致起重机主梁下挠甚至断裂，存在极大的安 全隐患。因此，是否发生塑性变形是衡量起重机是否安全的重要指标。根据《起 重机监督检验规程》以及相关国家标准，对桥门式起重机、桥式起重机、门式 起重机等对拱度和静刚度有明确的要求。起重设备在使用过程中需按周期对拱 度和静刚度进行检验检测，检验机构可以根据此项数据判定该设备是否合格。 本论文的主要工作包括：以起重机械为研究对象，研究起重机械塑性变形 的图像表征，提出识别算法，并开发出相应的识别软件，识别出变形的位置和 程度，作为定期检验判断的一项依据；对各类型的起重机械（包括臂架式、塔 式、架桥机、门座式，升降机除外）的塑性变形进行检测；具体到某个其中机 械，实现对局部塑性变形的检测，具体对象具体分析；对实验所得的图像进行 逐一分析，归类总结，分析出有问题的起重机械个体。 与传统检测起重机主梁的塑性变形方法相比，本论文的优点和创新点为： （1）对于一些恶劣的工况（如调运冶金、熔融金属的起重机）可以让检验员远 距离测量，保证检验员人身安全； （2）对于大型起重机械，可以检测出局部变形（这里所指的局部变形是指起重 机主梁曲线在某个位置发生畸变）； （3）检验检测效率大大提高； 本论文研究的机器视觉识别检测主梁变形的方法尚未见文献报道，可填补 国内该技术研究的空白。 关键词：起重机械； 塑性变形； 机器视觉； 边缘检测 华侨大 华侨大学硕士学位论文 II II Abst Abstract PAGE PAGE III Abstract The plastic deformation of crane girder will cause the crane girder deflection and fracture, so there is a great security risk. Therefore, the possible of the plastic deformation is an important index to measure whether the crane is saves. According to the rules for the crane inspection and supervision, and under the National Standard, there is a clear requirement for camber and static stiffness to overhead and gantry cranes, bridge crane and gantry crane. In the process of use, the camber and static stiffness of hoisting equipment needed to be inspected periodically. According to the inspection data, the inspection organizations could determine whether the equipment is qualified. The main work of this thesis is as follows: Taking the hoisting machinery as the research object to study the pictorial representations of the hoisting machinery plastic deformation, and propose recognition algorithm, and develop the corresponding recognition software to identify the location and extent of deformation, which will be the judgment basis for periodic inspection; To conduct plastic deformation detection for the various types of hoisting machinery (including arm support type, tower type, bridge erecting machine and gantry type, except elevator); Specific to one machinery of that, then to conduct the local plastic defor