基于极限学习机的设备故障预测方法及应用研究-动力工程及工程热物理专业论文.docxVIP

北京化工大学硕士学位论文(3)开展了基于形态分形维数及极限学习机的故障预测方法及应用 北京化工大学硕士学位论文 (3)开展了基于形态分形维数及极限学习机的故障预测方法及应用 研究。简述了极限学习机(ELM)相对于传统神经网络的结构和算法优 势，实现了其在轴承和齿轮中的故障预测，并分析了隐含层神经元的个数 对于预测性能的影响。为了进一步提升预测精度，引入了分形维数和数学 形态学的基本思想，通过计算原始时域振动信号的形态分形维数，揭示了 其作为预测特征量的可行性，运用ELM模型对经过形态分形维数处理后 的信号进行趋势预测，对比了时域参数下ELM模型的预测结果，并综合 比较了相应预测模型的性能。 结果表明：以时域参数为特征量时，ELM模型的预测误差最小，精 度最高，可以准确地拟合故障发展趋势，且不受神经元个数的影响；灰色 神经网络模型的预测精度次之，可以在较少的数据情况下实现较高的预测 精度；不同对象的验证结果均表明，传统的BP神经网络和Elman动态神 经网络的预测结果较差。以形态分形维数为特征量时，ELM模型可以实 现精确预测，相对于时域特征量，其预测精度更高，是一种有效的特征提 取和故障预测方法。 关键词：故障预测，灰色神经网络，Elman网络，形态分形维数，极限学 习机 Ⅱ 万方数据 ABSTRACTRESEARCH ABSTRACT RESEARCH oN FAULT PROGNOSIS METHOD AND APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT BASED ON EXTREME LEARNING MACHINE ABSTRACT In order to improve the use efficiency,reduce the maintain cost，avoid the major accident and realize the fault prognosis of equipment，extreme leaming machine and the methods related with artificial neural network was introduced and researched in this paper．The rolling bearings and gear Was the object of study,and the time-domain feature parameters and morphology fractal dimension(MFD)of vibration signal Was regarded as the prediction features． The gray neural network，Elman feedback neural network and extreme learning machine(ELM)Was applied to realize the fault prognosis．Comparing with the traditional BP neural network，it proved that the ELM model Was efficient and accurate in fault prognosis．This paper Was divided into three following sections． Firstly,the method of gray neural network Was studied．The time—domain feature parameters were extracted from the original vibration signal of fault rolling bearing．According to the time series trend，the equal number of data Was cut from the different period of fault development and the mean value and Ⅲ 万方数据 万方数据 万方数据 北京化工大学硕士学位论文variable 北京化工大学硕士学位论文 variable value was calculated．The root mean square(RMS)value and kurtosis Was chose as the feature characters with comparing the sensibility and stability of the early stage fault．The BP network and gray ne