胶体成核的临界条件-理论物理专业论文.docxVIP

Abst Abst ract Collold is a kind of soft matter which is very important to our life．Obviously，it has a very widespread application prospect．As the colloidal system is very complex，a deep study on it is needed．In this paper，according to the principle of entropy maximum and the Carnahan—Starl ing(CS)state equat ion， we have studied the critical nucleation conditions of the unit and the binary hard—spheres colloidal systems，including the relationship of the critical volume fraction and the size for a colloidal cluster to nucleate． For the unit hard-sphere colloidal system，we mainly studied the FCC structure，and the numerical results shows that when刀O．4958 the equation has no solution．Therefore，the colloidal cluster can not grow，and the phase trans i t i on cannot turn out when 110．4958．In fact， experimental measurements show the critical volume fraction denoting phase transition from the colloidal fluid to a phase of fluid—crystal coexistence is 0．495，obviously our results are in good agreement with the experiments．Secondly，for the binary colloidal systems considered．In this paper，the critical volume fractions determined by numerical calculation are also in good agreement with the experiments．In addition，from the numerical results，we find that the critical volume fraction of nucleation i S affected by both the concentrat ion of large—’sphere and the s i ze rat io of large—to smal 1一sphere． Keywords：colloid；depletion effect：entropy；nucleation packing． II 目 目 录 摘 要 I Abst ract ．][][ 第一章绪论 1 1．1软物质 ．1 1．1．1引言 ．1 1．1．2软物质的特性及应用 ．2 1．2胶体 7 1．2．1引言 7 1．2．2胶体系统的划分及特性 8 1．2．3胶体的模型 ．10 1．3排空作用和排空力 13 1．4能致相变与熵致相变 16 第二章单元硬球系统中胶球成核的临界条件 19 2．1引言 。1 9 2．2研究背景 19 2．3模型的推导 ．20 2．4结果及讨论 ．．23 第三章 双元硬球系统中胶球成核的临界条件 27 3．1．引言 。27 3．2．模型的建立及理论推导 。28 3．3．结果与讨论 34 第四章总结和展望 43 参考文献 ．45 攻读硕士学位期间发表及完成的论文 ．．． 51 III 致 致 谢 。52 湖南师范大学学位论文原创性声明 ．53 IV 胶体成核的临界条件胶体成核的临界条件 胶体成核的临界条件 胶体成核的临界条件 第一章绪论 1．1软物质 1．1．1引言 软物质(soft matter)在人们的日常生活中有着非常广泛的应用， 它是指处于固体和理想流体之间的复杂态物质【1】。软物质是凝聚态物 质中的一大类，它的许多奇