奖励对大学生好奇影响的实验研究-发展与教育心理学专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 上海师范大学硕士学位论文 摘要 摘要 好奇感是易于对新事物产生兴趣的情感。好奇情绪指超出预期并满足个体认 识世界需要的认知情绪。内隐、稳定的好奇感在具体的情境中会以外显、短暂的 好奇情绪（以下简称好奇）的形式表现出来。本研究以大学生为研究对象，以认 知性知识为实验材料，探讨奖励对好奇的影响。实验一以内部奖励（超出个体预 期可能性高 vs.超出个体预期可能性低）和外部奖励（1 分 vs.5 分 vs.10 分）为 自变量，好奇等级评定分数和正确率为因变量，探讨了内部奖励和外部奖励对好 奇的影响。结果表明：内部奖励和外部奖励对于好奇均有影响，并且内部奖励的 满足对于好奇程度的影响更大，进而对人的记忆有促进作用。实验二以内部奖励 为自变量（超出个体预期可能性高 vs.超出个体预期可能性中等 vs.超出预期可 能性低），好奇程度、ERPs 和前后测正确率为因变量，进一步验证好奇情绪的产 生机制，并在生理层面上揭示内部奖励所引发的好奇情绪产生的时间进程。结果 表明：（1）进一步支持情感论中好奇的产生机制，即超出预期的刺激会诱发好奇 情绪；（2）内部奖励通过影响好奇促进了认知加工，具体表现为无意记忆的增强； （3）高内部奖励条件下，冲突效应较小，而内部奖励较低时冲突更大；（4）高 内部奖励条件下投入的注意资源较多，唤醒度较高，内部奖励低时投入的注意资 源少，唤醒度较低。总的来说，好奇情绪由超出预期的刺激诱发，好奇情绪本身 可能是一种混合情绪，并且好奇的解除是一种内部奖励，对记忆与学习有促进作 用。 关键词：好奇感；好奇情绪；奖励；预期；ERPs Ⅰ Abstract Shanghai Normal University Master of Education Abstract Curiosity is a feeling that individuals are interested in new things early. The curiousness is cognitive emotion which beyond one’s expectation and satisfies his/her requirement that meet the world. The implicit and stable curiosity is showed by the form of emotion with curiosity (hereinafter referred to as curiousness) which is explicit and short in the specific context. Our research was aimed to explore the effect of rewards on curiosity when participant were undergraduates and materials were intellectual knowledge. In study 1, the independent variables were intrinsic rewards (the higher possibility of exceeding expectations vs. the lower possibility of exceeding expectations) and extrinsic rewards (1 point vs. 5 points vs. 10 points), and the dependent variables were curiousness rating scores and ACC. It was aimed to explore the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards on curiousness. The results showed that there was an effect of intrinsic rewards and extrinsic rewards on curiousness. Further, intrinsic rewards had a more significant effect on the degree of curiousness and it also made it easier to individuals to remember something. In study 2, the independent variables were intrinsic rewards (the higher possibility of