国际经济学.第二章.现代贸易理论的基础：竞争优势.pdf

Foundations of  MModdern TTradde ThTheory: ComparativeComparative AdvantageAdvantage PowerPoint slides prepared by: Andreea Chiritescu EasternEastern IllinoisIllinois UniversityUniversity © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password ‐protected website for classroom use 1 Historical Development of Modern Trade Theory • The Mercantilists, 1500–1800 • A strong foreign‐trade sector •• FavorableFavorable tradetrade balancebalance((贸易顺差贸易顺差)) • Net payments ‐gold and silver • Increased spending • Rise in domestic output and employment • Promote a favorable trade balance •• GovernmentGovernment regulationregulation ofof tradetrade • Tariffs, quotas, other commercial policies • Static view of the world economy © 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password ‐protected website for classroom use 2 Historical Development of Modern Trade Theory • The Mercantilists under attack • David Hume’s price‐specie‐flow doctrine(价格‐铸 币‐流动机制) • A favorable trade balance is possible only in the  short run • 1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations