晋商家族及其制度变迁-经济史专业论文.docxVIP

AbstractDufing Abstract Dufing the period of Ming and Qing dynasty，Shanxi’s businessmen in the Chinese commence．In nearly five hundred years，they did transaction with internal external people and became the most successful merchants of that time．With the strengthening of their capital power and the extending oftheir commence，the family ofShanxi’s businessmen gradually became of the important part of the of Shanxi’s businessmen．At the time，the family institution of Shanxi’s businessmen began form．In the thesis，the of cost—profit and jnstitution economic will be used analysis the reasons，the civilianize background and the economic condition ofthe family institution ofShanxi’s businessmen．Then the changes of the family institution． tfle beginning,for the symmetry Was exist about the information，the of cooperation with strangers was very high，while the ofcooperation with the partners who from same family was lower．So Shanxi’s businessmen founded their eommereial organizations by the relative relationship．Then the huge families and the institutions of Shanxi’s businessmen gradually formed．The whole family institution of Shanxi’s businessmen was split into five parts，including Paternal line，property fight and right of succession inherit，marriage，education andthe status of womenand There tight relationship between the family institutions and the of Shanxi’s businessmen．So the commercial actions the basic reason of the changes of family institutions． Key Words：family institutions；the of organization；Confucianism；the relationship among people 引 引 言 明清时期，山西商人纵横捭阖，在近500年的时间里发展到鼎盛。由于中国商品经济的 发展水平和家庭组织的特殊优越性使晋商家族在该时期的晋商经营活动中担任了重要角色， 并逐渐形成独具特色的家族制度。随着社会经济环境的整体变化和商业活动的发展，晋商家 族制度逐渐演变。本文拟用经济学的分析方法结合史实对明清晋商家族制度的形成及家旗制 度变迁提出一些管窥之见。 一、晋商家族制度的产生 晋人从商，古已有之。两汉时期，山西河东商人依靠盐铁之饶与四方贸易，开辟了通往 欧洲腹地的商路。三国时，上党、平阳以麻织业著称，形成北方的麻布市场。“石勒． 上 党五乡羯人， 年四十，随邑人行贩洛阳。”“‘河东俗多商贾。罕事农桑。”9宋代有史记载： “庸武士镬，太原文水县人，微时与邑人许文宝鬻财为事，常聚材木数万茎。”9《金史·识 货志》载：“绛、解民多贩盐。”9及至明朝，晋地“重迁徙服商贾”，“山西富户．百十万家 资者，不一而足。”。进入清代后．晋商发展成为我国著名的实力强