晶态铝的过热极限及其涨落形核-凝聚态物理专业论文.docxVIP

河北师范大学硕上学位论文摘 河北师范大学硕上学位论文 摘 要 熔化是自然界中最常见的一种现象，也是凝聚态物理领域一个重要的相变过程。 实验表明，液态金属容易出现低于熔点不凝固的过冷现象，但在其逆过程—熔化过 程中，却难以发现固态金属高于熔点而不熔化的过热现象。Daeges等人将Ag粒子包 覆在Au中，观察到了晶态Ag可在高于其熔点24K的温度下维持Imin不熔化之后， 过热的极限温度成为人们研究的焦点。 本文对金属过热现象的实验和理论研究进行了概述，较为详细介绍了近二十年来 理论和实验研究的进展，通过对典型的材料一固态A1的分析和计算，给出了一个固 态Al新的过热的热力学极限《和一个新的过热动力学极限《。 类似于Fecht和Johnson的“等熵点”理论，我们给出了等压条件下的AI晶体过热 的“等Gibbs函数点”砰“1．16L，这是一个特定条件下AI晶体熔化的一个温度} 限，它明显地有别于其它的热力学上限。 在不考虑表面、界面、杂质和晶格缺陷的情况下，对晶体的熔化过程进行了分析 和讨论。我们认为，晶体中液相形核的过程更接近于一个等容的热力学过程。在这一 前提下，对AI晶体过热的动力学极限进行了计算，给出动力学极限温度为 巧z1 1 l瓦。 新的A1晶体过热的热力学极限瑶和新的动力学极限砰，将丰富我们对于晶体 过热现象的认识。 关键词：熔化； 过热； 形核动力学 河北师范大学硕士学位论文Abstract 河北师范大学硕士学位论文 Abstract Melting is a familiar phenomenon in the nature and an important process of phase transitions in condensed matter physics．Experiments studies indicate that supercooled liquids are commonplace in the solidification process of liquid metal，while superheated solids of metal are not commonplace in the melting process of solid metal．Since the superheating phenomenon wag observed in a number of metals，to estimate the upper limit for superheating in crystals became the focus of people research． In this paper，we summarized the progress of the superheating of metal in experimental and theoretical aspect．Similar to Fecht and Johnson’S isentropic limit temperature，we proposed a thermod37namic stability limit for superhemed crystal in terms of a Gibbs flee energy catastrophe that occurs at a critical temperature(砰)when the Gibbs free energy of the superheated crystal equals that of the liquid phase．We calculate this limit temperature of Al(which is瑶≈1．1 6T．)，it is differ from other thermodynmnic stability limit for superheated crystal． Superheating experiments indicate that melting is usually a process nucleated at heterogeneous nucleation sites such as留ain boundaries and free surfaces．Providing heterogeneous nucleation could be avoided for melting by means of experimental techniques，crystal carl be superheated above their equilibrium melting points．The sta