考虑塑性的钢轨表面疲劳微裂纹分析-表面技术.PDF

第47 卷 第 11 期 表面技术 2018 年11 月 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY ·151 · 考虑塑性的钢轨表面疲劳微裂纹分析 昝晓东，王强胜，生月，江晓禹 （西南交通大学 力学与工程学院，成都 610031） 摘 要： 目的 研究塑性条件下受重复轮轨荷载的钢轨表面的初始疲劳裂纹行为。方法 建立含表面微裂纹 的钢轨二维有限元模型，通过耦合裂纹面对应节点达到无裂纹的效果。经过几次循环加载后取消节点耦合 设置，达到出现裂纹的效果。分析随着轮轨循环加载钢轨的响应，计算残余应力强度因子，并利用渐进状 态（随着循环次数的增加，裂纹尖端区新产生的塑性越来越小，裂尖小范围内塑性不再增加）下的应力强 度因子计算初始疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果 有限元模拟中，轮轨荷载循环加载在钢轨上表面，使其产生拉伸 残余应力，且随着深度增加，拉伸残余应力越来越小。裂纹萌生后，不同角度的裂纹残余（KI ）都随循环次 数的增加而减小，但残余（KII ）都随循环次数的增加而增大。受残余应力的影响，渐进状态下的钢轨表面 初始微裂纹应力强度因子随裂纹角度（θ）的增加而增加。结论 钢轨表面的残余应力加快了初始微裂纹的 扩展速率，降低了钢轨的使用寿命。 关键词：轮轨接触疲劳；残余应力；裂纹扩展速率；应力强度因子；ANSYS 中图分类号：TG111.8 ；U211.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2018)11-0151-06 DOI ：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2018.11.022 Analysis of Fatigue Micro-crack on Rail Surface under Plasticity ZAN Xiao-dong, WANG Qiang-sheng, SHENG Yue, JIANG Xiao-yu (School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China) ABSTRACT: The work aims to study initial fatigue micro-crack behavior on rail surface which is subjected to cyclic wheel/rail loading under plastic stresses. A 2D finite model of rail with a surface crack was established. The corresponding nodes of the crack surface were coupled to achieve the effect without crack. After several cyclic loading, the joint coupling was released to show the crack. The residual stress intensity factor was calculated by analyzing the response of rail by cyclic wheel/rail loading. The initial fatigue crack growth rate was also calculated by stable stress intensity factors in the asymptotic state (As the number of cycles increased, the new plasticity in the crack tip became smaller and smal