现在完成时解与练习附标准答案.docVIP

PAGE / NUMPAGES ? 一、时态讲解：现在完成时 （?1?）构成：现在完成时由助动词?have +?过去分词构成，助动词?have?有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用?has?，其余用?have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上?not?、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以?study?为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下： ? ? 否定式 疑问式 I have not (haven’t) studied…. Have I studied…? You have not (haven’t) studied…. Have you studied…?? He has not (hasn’t) studied…. Has he studied…? ? 否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定?/?否定） Have I not (Haven’t I) studied…? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Have you not (Haven’t you) studied…? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he not (Hasn’t he) studied…? Yes, he has. No, he?hasn’t. （?2?）用法： 1?）?现在完成时?通常表示在?说话之前已经完成的动作?或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的?结果或影响?。 ????My daughter has just gone out.?我女儿刚出去。 ????I’m sure we’ve met before.?我肯定我们以前见过面。 ????She has arrived.?她到了。 2?）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如?recently,?already, just,?lately, fo?r…, since…,?yet?等。如： ????I haven’t heard from her these days.??这些日子我没有收到她的信。 ????We haven’t seen you recently.??最近我们没有见到你。 ????They have been away for two years.??他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.?★?注意： a)???????since?和?for?的区别 since?后接时间点，如?1993?，?last term, yes?terday, the time I got there for?后接一段时间，表示?“?长达多久?”?，如?ten years, a while, two days?等。 Ex?ercise?:?用?since?和?for?填空 1. Jim has been in?Ireland?______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in?her office. She has been there ______ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 1. since?? 2. for?? 3. for?? 4. since?? 5. since?? 6. for?? 7. for?? 8. since 2?）表示短暂意义的动词如?arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die?等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： ???He has come here for 2 weeks.??× ?? The old man has died for 4 months.??× ?? They have left only for 5 minutes.??× 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2?