初中生外显和内隐自尊及其和学业压力关系的研究.doc

中文摘要 初中阶段，个体处于身心快速发展时期，同时也是心理冲突与行为问题的 高发时期，另一方面由于巨大的升学压力，使得初中生面临的主要心理压力来 自学业，当学业压力过大就会影响个体的身心健康。自尊是心理健康的核心， 可以做为一个很好的缓冲或调节变量，对于缓解或调节环境压力，保持身心健 康有着重要作用。本文旨在通过研究初中生外显、内隐自尊及其与学业压力的 关系，为学校心理健康教育工作提供一些参考。　 本研究采用问卷调查法、内隐联想测验以及现场情境测评等方法对初中生 外显、内隐自尊及其与学业压力的关系进行了研究。研究包括四个部分，其中 研究一探索了初中生的内隐自尊效应、内隐自尊与外显自尊的关系；研究二对 初中生外显、内隐自尊的特点进行研究；研究三采用问卷调查法与内隐联想测 验探讨了初中生外显、内隐自尊在学业压力与心理健康之间的调节作用；研究 四考察了在真实学业压力情境下，初中生外显、内隐自尊对焦虑情绪的缓冲作 用。　 研究结果表明：　 １、初中生存在内隐自尊效应，初中生群体的自尊存在外显自尊和内隐自尊 两个层面，是两个不同的心理结构。　 ２、初中生的外显自尊发展极不稳定，存在着显著的年级差异，初一年级学 生的自尊显著高于初二和初三年级，初二和初三年级差异不显著；内隐自尊不 存在年级差异。初中生外显、内隐自尊均不存在性别差异。　 ３、使用问卷调查法与内隐联想测发现初中生外显自尊和内隐自尊在学业压 力与心理健康之间都具有调节作用。　 ４、在真实考试压力情境中，外显自尊对焦虑情绪没有起到直接或立即的缓 冲作用，而内隐自尊则直接或立即缓冲了焦虑情绪。　 　 关键词：外显自尊；内隐自尊；学业压力；初中生　　 I Abstract During the period of junior high school, an individual develops rapidly in all aspects. It is a high time that the psychological conflicts and behavior matters happen often. On the other hand, academic pressure is the main psychological pressure which the junior students have to bear and will have a bad effect on their psychological healthy. Self-esteem is the key factor of mental health and it can be used as a buffer or moderator variable. Self-esteem plays an important role in buffering the effects of stress on health. This research aims to explore junior high school students’explicit self-esteem,implicit self-esteem and its relationship with academic stress. This investigation aims to provide valuable references for the mental health education for the junior high school students. Adopting many ways, for example, the questionnaire survey, IAT and assess the stressful academic situations method etc., the study discusses the relationship between junior high school students’explicit self-esteem, implicit self- esteem and academic pressure. There are four parts in the study. The first research is to study implicit self-esteem effect, the relationship between explicit and implicit self-esteem of junior high school students; the second research is to discuss deve