Chapter 4 供给与需求（I）：市场如何运行.pdf

2 SUPPLY AND DEMAND I: HOW MARKETS WORK 供给与需求（I）：市场如何运行 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand 供给与需求的市场力量 Chapter 4 The Market Forces of Supply and Demand u Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. u Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. u Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. 供给与需求的市场力量 n 供给和需求是经济学家最常用的 两个词。 n 供给和需求是让市场经济运行的 力量。 n 现代微观经济学就是关于供给、 需求和市场均衡的学科。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Markets u A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. u The terms supply and demand refer to the behavior of people . . . as they interact with one another in markets. Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. 市场 u 市场是指某种物品或劳务的一群 买者与卖者的集合。 u 供给与需求这两个术语是指人们 在市场上相互交易时的行为。 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Markets and competition 市场与竞争 u Buyers determine demand. 买者决定需求 u Sellers determine supply. 卖者决定供给 Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. A Competitive Market 竞争市场 A competitive market is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price 竞争市场——有很多买者和卖者的