九年级英语上册 被动语态详细的讲解 外研版.docVIP

用心 爱心 专心 被动语态 一、被动语态概述 　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。 　如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） 　 The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 　被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。  各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） 　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) 　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) 　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) 　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) 　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6．过去完成时(had been + done) 　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 　She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已被暴风雨摧毁。 　 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、主动语态变为被动语态 1、转换图示： Eg. Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth. 杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. ? 四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意 　① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste She seems/appears happy. It smells te