病生理-第二章 疾病概论.pdfVIP

第二章第二章 疾病概论疾病概论 (General concept of disease) 北京大学医学部病理生理教研室 吴立玲玲 paththophhy@bj@bjmu.eddu.cn 疾病概论疾病概论 疾病的概念疾病的概念、、疾病发生疾病发生、、 发展和转归的普遍规律和机制。 健康与疾病的概念健康与疾病的概念  病因学病因学  发病学发病学 Case study 40 years old man, smokes several packs ofof cigarettescigarettes aa dayday, hashas threethree oror moremore drinks every evening, is overweight, and is offten anxious. The other does not smoke, drinks alcohol rarely, exercises regularly, and is relaxed andand confidentconfident.. Both people pass all laboratory tests and areare declareddeclared freefree ofof diseasedisease. QuestionQuestion Are they equally healthy? 第一节第一节 健康与疾病的概念健康与疾病的概念 (Concepts(Concepts ofof healthhealth andand diseasedisease)) 一、健康健康的概念念 (Concept of health) 健康不仅是没有疾病健康不仅是没有疾病，而且是而且是一种种 身身体上、精神精神上和社会上的完完好状态。 Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and sociial well-beiing, not merely thethe absenceabsence ofof diseasedisease oror infirmity.infirmity. The Constitution of the World Health Organization 人类疾病的模式人类疾病的模式 生物医学模式 生理-心理-社会-环境医学模式 一个个健康康的人: 具有强壮的身体素质 健全的精神状态 良好的社会适应能力良好的社会适应能力 To maintain physical health Exercising regularly Avoiding unnecessary hazards Eating a well-balanced diet  经常运动  保持良好生活习惯  均衡饮食均衡饮食 ToTo maintainmaintain mentalmental healthhealth People in good mental health are energetic,energetic, confident,confident, relaxed,relaxed, andand ableable to cope with the problems and stresses off liflife. ThThey are ablble tto llove andd bbe llove. Theyy can work well and pplayy well. 充满活力充满活力、自信自信  正确面对压力与问题  劳逸结合 ToTo maintainmaintain socialsocial hea