儿科学理论课七年制肺炎.pptVIP

Childhood pneumonia Respiratory infections ---Infections of the upper respiratory tract Cold(nasopharyngitis) Sinusitis Uvulitis Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis Respiratory infections---infections of lower respiratory tract Importance of childhood pneumonia Four to five million annual deaths being reported in children younger than 5 yrs, Ranking among the most frequent causes of both mortality and morbidity, especially in developing countries. China had the highest number ! Pneumonia: the leading cause of death! Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in young children in China Definition Pneumonia ¤ inflammation of the lung tissue ¤ with the common features of fever, cough, dyspnea, tachypnea and fine moist rales on auscultation. 　 Classification Pneumonia can be classified by presumed or proven etiology Bacterial, Viral…or noninfectious by source Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) Hospital-acquired pneumonia(HAP) or Nasocomial pneumopnia(NP) Classification Definition: CAP pneumonia occurring ≤48 hr of hospital admission ( untreated and immunocompetent) HAP pneumonia occurring 48 hr after hospital admission (with risk factors for MDR bacteria) Classification Pneumonia can also be classified by Duration as acute(1m), prolonged(1~3m) or chronic(3m) Severity as mild or severe Pathology as lobar, bronchopneumonia or interstitial pneumonia Atypical pathogeens Mycoplasma: Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) Chlamydia: Chlamydia trachomatis(CP) Chlamydia pneumoniae(CT) Legionella: Legionella pneumophilia(LP) Different pathogens in Different countries or regions Different seasons Different ages Different bases (immunologic…) Microbial agents of CAP, according to age Predisposing Factors Pathogens