贵州改土归流源流考-中国古代史专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 2 贵州改土归流源流考 内容摘要：改土归流是贵州历史的一大重要事件，贯穿明清两代。这一过 程实质上也是汉文明与少数民族文明互动融合，逐渐奠定贵州省版图的建省过 程。本文本着尽全时空，人地互动的理念，将贵州地区的改流作为一个整体，展 开了系统而完整的梳理。 贵州改土归流是以政治军事为干预先导，以经济商业为渗透手段，以文教融 合为辅助策略，以中原先进的封建地主制经济生产关系代替贵州境内其它不同社 会制度下的经济基础的系统工程。明清以前历代中央王朝治理贵州的政策以“治 之以不治”的羁縻政策为主。明朝建立后，为了防止蒙元绕道云南袭取南宋的历 史重次重演，统治者将贵州作为控扼西南尤其是掌控云南的战略要地加以经营。 随着土司制度弊端的日益显现，明王朝对待土司的政策也经历了由安抚到武力改 流的转变过程。清王朝入主贵州后，其对待土司的政策特征与当时的政治军事形 势紧密相关。雍正时期能够完成改土归流，决定性的因素乃是朝局政治的需要、 边疆形势的紧迫、雍正君臣的政治性格。明清改土归流由于主客观条件不同，因 而改流的主动性、采取的具体手段、改流后的善后事宜等亦有所不同。 改土归流对贵州地区的政治、民族、文化、经济、生态均有着重大的影响。 这场自上而下、自中心而边缘的汉文明向贵州地区的大规模扩散和强力传播，其 目的是文明的同化和统一性多民族国家的建构。正是在代表中央王朝的汉文明与 贵州地方文明之间的动态交流、斗争、融合中，才促进了多元一体民族格局的实 现，统一的向心力最终亦得以形成。 关键词：改土归流 贵州 明清 文明传播 The History of the“Gai Tu Gui Liu”of the Guizhou Region Summary “Gai Tu Gui Liu”was a significant event in the history of Guizhou Province ,through the Ming and Qing dynasties.In fact, in this process,Han civilization and the minorities civilization interacted and integrated,and gradually layed the territory of the Guizhou Province.This thesis takes the “Gai Tu Gui Liu”of Guizhou Province as a whole to study according to idea of “to study the full time and space” and “humans and the earth interact”. “Gai Tu Gui Liu”of Guizhou Province was a systematic project ,which taked political and military intervention as the guide, taked economic and business as the means to penetrate,taked the integration of culture and education as a supporting strategy,replaced the economic-models under different social systems with the advanced economic relations of production of the feudal landlord system of the Central Plains.The previous governments before Ming and Qing dynasties governed the Guizhou regions with the “Gimi”policy which permited the local tribal leaders to dominate mainly that area.After the founding of the Ming Dynasty,in order to prevent the reproduction of the history of the Mongolian attacking Southern Song Dynasty through the Yunnan province,the Guizhou Province was operated as the strateg