含烟黑乙烯火焰多波长光谱分析检测的实验研究-热能工程专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 烟黑是化石燃料燃烧产生的污染物之一,它是没有实现的燃料化学能，火电厂电站 锅炉中燃料不完全的热损失是其总热损失的主要组成部分,所以实际燃烧设备的烟黑 排放反映燃烧设备的燃烧条件及燃烧效率。烟黑是一种双重性的产品，它既是一种重 要的工业原料，又是一种对环境和人类健康有极大危害的污染物，因此，烟黑的形成 机制和烟黑特性的了解在燃烧学的很多方面都很重要，但是对烟黑浓度的准确测量是 研究烟黑特性的首要前提。对烟黑的测量分为在线和离线两种，其中在线的光学诊断 法成为一种重要的方法来测量烟黑的辐射特性。 在本文中，采用一种在线的光学诊断法，利用多波长法来重建火焰温度和烟黑浓 度的分布。根据 Abel 变换和烟黑的辐射特性，通过光纤光谱仪来测量乙烯火焰径向 不同位置的辐射光谱信号，结合黑体炉对光谱仪的标定，将辐射信号转化为相对应的 辐射强度，结合相关的算法同时检测火焰温度分布和烟黑容积份额。最后得到，在目 标火焰上部，温度在 1700～1900K，烟黑容积份额为 2～5ppm；中部温度达到 1780～ 2025K,烟黑容积份额为 2.5±0.3ppm，和文献中相比，基本吻合，实验结果较为理想。 在从径向火焰辐射强度到 H 的过程中，Abel 变换的精确性对结果有很重要的影 响，在本文中，详细介绍了 Abel 变换相关原理，介绍了变换过程中三种常用的运算 方法。在变换前，要注重对数据的平滑，对称以及数据点的插补，这对结果至关重要， 插补的数据点越多，得到 H 分布越精确，最后得到的结果越理想。 关键词：辐射 烟黑 Abel 变换 温度场 容积份额 II II Abstract Soot is one of the pollutant which comes from burnt fossil fuel. It is the chemical energy from the fuel which has not realized. The heat loss from which the fuel burnt incompletely in the heat-engine plant power station boiler is the main ingredient of the total heat loss, therefore, the soot which blows off the reality combustion equipment reflects the combustion condition and combustion efficiency of the combustion equipment. Soot is also a product of dual characteristic, it is a important industrial material and is also pollutant which has large damage to the environment and human being. So, It is important to understand the form mechanism and characteristic of the soot, and we have to know how to measure the concentration of the soot accurately. Now,we can measue the concentration of soot by online and offline meathod, and the indirect-contact is a important way to mearure the concentration of the soot. In this text, we use the online meathod to measure the temperature and soot volume fraction of the flame by multiwavelength analysis. With the Abel inversion and the soot radiation characteristic, the spectral radiation signal is measured by spectrmeter at horizontal cross section of a vertical,axisymmetric laboratory-scale ethylene flame at different position, with the calib