南仁山次生林不同冠层间林分结构之空间异质性.DOC

南仁山次生林不同冠層間林分結構之空間異質性 Spatial Heterogeneity of Stand Structure Between the Different Canopy Layers in Nanjenshan 研究生: 張瑋尹 Wei-Yi Chang 指導教授: 陳朝圳 Chaur-Tzuhn Chen [摘要] 南仁山生態保護區屬於亞熱帶之季節性森林，早期部分地區之人工林，在長期演替更新及東北季風影響下，現已演變為冠層結構複雜之次生林。本研究為探討季風對於人工林演替之影響，以南仁山長期生態研究站於1997年所設置之 5 ha 次生林永久樣區為範圍，依據前人對該樣區之調查研究，將林分之水平空間變異，依季風影響程度分為背風林型及向風林型，而垂直之空間變異，依林分高將樣區分成三種不同冠層林分，利用樣區立木位置之地理空間資料，以地理資訊系統為分析工具，探討東北季風對林分結構之空間變異影響，了解南仁山地區次生林演替之影響機制，以供長期生態研究之參考。研究結果顯示，東北季風對於南仁山次生林之水平分布及垂直空間結構產生顯著影響，各冠層之平均樹高、平均胸徑及每公頃平均胸高斷面積，背風林型顯著高於向風林型；不同冠層之優勢樹種出現率亦有所差異，上層與中層林分以相思樹、九芎等陽性樹種為主，其中相思樹約佔54%，下層林分則以陰性樹種，如九節木、大青等為主；在物種歧異度方面，向風林型中層植物正在進行次級演替而造成該冠層之物種歧異度較高，而背風林型之上層及下層物種歧異度較向風林型高。為模擬立木屬性之空間變化，以克利金模式之半變異圖，模擬不同冠層之樹高與胸徑之空間分布，結果顯示指數模式之模擬誤差最小模擬結果較佳。另逢機選取不同徑級之立木進行樹冠幅調查，利用迴歸分析建立以胸徑為獨立變數之樹冠直徑推估模式，利用立木位置之胸徑空間資料建立樹冠投影圖，並以Pearson卡方值檢定不同林型間樹冠覆蓋度之差異性，結果顯示上層植物之樹冠覆蓋度，向風林型與背風林型差異不顯著，但上層植物樹冠各覆蓋度受東北季風影響明顯且冠層結構較為破碎，而中層與下層植物樹冠覆蓋度之空間變異，因東北季風影響差異極顯著。 關鍵字: 地理資訊系統、林分結構、物種歧異度、半變異圖、樹冠覆蓋度 【Abstract】 Nanjenshan ecological reserve is a subtropical seasonal forest. In the past, some area became artificial forest by cutting. In long term effect of monsoon and succession, this area had become a secondary forest with complex stand structure. In this study we used 5-hectare secondary forest sample plots data that were established by Nanjenshan long-term ecological research site in 1997 and used geographic information system (GIS) to explore the effect of monsoon in the different canopy layers. According to the past research, the stand of secondary forest in Nanjenshan was classified into leeward and windward type by the effect of monsoon in horizontal variability of stand structure and canopy layer was classified into three stratums by tree height. This study will find out the effects of monsoon for the secondary forest in the stand structure of horizontal and vertical variability that will provide the reference data for long-term ecological research. The results indicated that the variance of stand structure at horizontal and vertical dim