英语语法结构体系图.doc

名词 ︹表 1︺ 可数名词 (C countable) 单数 表示“一个”含义时需要在前面加上表示数量关系/所有关系/指示关系的限定词（冠词/数词/名词所有格/物主代词/指示代词/不定代词等。 表示泛指某一类事物加上不定冠词：a book, an orange 复数 表示泛指时不必加任何限定词 We must tell friends from enemies. 不可数名词(U uncountable) 单独出现表示泛指。 不可以直接跟数词、不定冠词连用，但可以在不可数名词前加表示数量的名词词组等来表示其具体数量： a piece of news, a sheet of paper 冠词 ︹表 2︺ 不定冠词 泛指某一具体的人/事物 He is an old doctor. She is now a different China from what she was. 固定词组 once upon a time(从前)， an hour or two a long time, a few, a little 定冠词 说话人和听话人心中都了解的人/事物，表示特指 I bought a skirt yesterday. The skirt is very beautiful. 最高级/固定词组/习惯用法 in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end., by the way 零冠词 表示泛指的不可数名词/复数名词前 Failure is the mother of success. Children like cartoons. 泛指时，表示三餐、球/棋类运动、学科、季节、年份、月份、星期、节假日的名词前 Do you have a rest after lunch? They are fond of playing basketball/chess. Spring/April/Sunday/Children’s day is the best time. 固定词组/习惯搭配 on foot, at home, at night, in danger, for example face to face, hand in hand, side/step by side/step 人称代词 ︹表 3︺ 基本用法 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they they she her it it 多个人陈代词并列的排序 单数的语境下：you放在最前，I放在最后 You, she and I all enjoy music. 复数的语境下：we放在最前，they放在最后 We, you and they should preserve the environment it的特殊用法 指代事物/人 代替前文提到过的事物 This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday. 代替指示代词，起this/that作用 Is this you car? No, it isn’t. 指代动植物、不明身份/性别的人/婴儿 Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. The Greens have a new baby. It is lovely. 指自然现象（天气、气象、天色等）/量度（时间、距离、温度、价值等） It is getting dark. How far is it to the Great Wall? 充当形式主语 代替不定式 It is our duty to take care of the old. 代替动名词 It is worthwhile working the whole night. 代替主语从句 It doesn’t matter what you do. 充当形式宾语 代替不定式 I consider it better to be early. 代替动名词 We thought it no use doing that. 代替宾语从句 The teacher made it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time. 用于强调句型 It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who/whom+原剧中其他部分 强调主语 It is my word that counts. (我说了算) 强调宾语 It is me