哈尔滨市农村养老保障问题的研究-公共管理专业论文.docx

哈尔滨工业大学公共管理硕士学位论文摘要 哈尔滨工业大学公共管理硕士学位论文 摘要 我国目前虽尚处于人口老龄化的初期，但是由于经济发展水平还比较落 后，而人13老龄化来势迅猛且老龄人口绝对数大，对我国造成的压力尤为沉 重。建立健全农村的社会养老保障机制是中国农村老人应对农村新形势的必 要条件，这已经成为我们必须面对的现实社会问题。因此，如何养老，尤其 是农村如何养老，已经成为我国21世纪面临的一个重大的社会问题。本文从 分析我国农村养老保障的发展历程及我国农村养老的特殊性着手，详细剖析 了哈尔滨农村养老现状及面临的外部挑战。本文认为，哈尔滨市农村养老现 状存在家庭养老、老人自养、社区养老、社会养老四种主要模式，但家庭养 老是最主要形式。随着社会的发展，哈尔演市农村养老所面临的外部挑战主 要是，哈尔滨市农村人口老龄化进程加快、城市化与劳动力流动、土地的保 障作用降低、孝文化受到前所未有的冲击这四个主要因素。因此，针对上述 问题，本文提出要建立和完善哈尔滨市农村养老保簿制度。提出建立和完善 哈尔滨市农村养老保障制度要遵循三个原则，即与哈尔滨市农村经济发展水 平相适应的原则、养老保障基金由个人国家共同负担的原则、坚持多种养老 形式相结合的原则。继而提出了建立和完善农村养老保障制度要充分发挥政 府在养老保障中的主导作用，继续发挥家庭养老的重要作用，努力推进哈尔 滨市农村养老保障社会化，拓展农村社区养老，从而正确引导老人自养。 关键词老龄化；农村养老；供养体系；社会化 哈尔滨工业大学公共管理硕士学位论文Abstract 哈尔滨工业大学公共管理硕士学位论文 Abstract Now it is in the beginning of Chinese population aging，but the lagged economic development and rapid old population increase bring much pressure to the government．It is inevitable to found and perfect the social security system for the aged providing in order to help old people to adapt this new situation．This the social problem that we must resolve．In 2 1 th century,how could people provide for the aged especially in the countryside?It already becomes the big social problem that we have to envisage．In this paper,the developing process and specificity of providing for the aging in the countryside was discussed．The situation and the chMlenge from the outside for providing for the aged in the countryside were analyzed in details．There were four major models for countryside aging providing：family providing for the aged，self providing for the aged，campus providing for the aged and social providing for the aged．In this case，family providing for the aged was regarded as the most important model．With the social development，the main challenge for providing the aged in the countryside should be owed to these four factors followed： accelerating old population in countryside，the flow of labor resource，the decreased effect of earth support and the impact of the Chinese traditional cultural of filial