初中英语语法非谓语动词的讲解.pdf

初中英语语法 非谓语动词的讲解 非谓语动词 指的是在句中起名词， 形容词或副词作用的动词形式， 而不是作谓语的动词形 式。 动词的非谓语形式分为 动名词，分词，动词 不定式。 Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用） Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing .. 分词起形容词作用） He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch ... 不定式起副词作用 ) 谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别： 1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. 玛丽教我们英语。（ teaches 动词作谓语） Mr. Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. （to have a talk 不定式作状语） 2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。 Mike likes the pop music. （动词用单数第三人称形式） Lucy has nothing to do today 。（ do 用原形） 非谓语动词的特征： 1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。 Studying English is my favorite. （studying 后跟宾语） To help him is my duty. 帮助他是我的责任。（ help 后跟宾语） 2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible. (under such a condition 是 working 的状语） Its too difficult for him to master English in such a short time. （for him 作 不定式的逻辑主语） 3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting long. （to have kept... 是不定式的完成形式） Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. （Seen from... 是分词 的被动形式） 4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。 Our coming made him happy. （coming 起名词作用） There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用 ) 非谓语动词的形式变化： 不定式 主 动 被 动 一 般 to write to be written 进 行 to be writing 完 成 to have written to have been written 完成进行 to have been writing 现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动 一 般 writing being written 完 成 having written having been written 过去分词 主动 被 动 一般 written 动名词 主动