几类具有功能反应和收获率的捕食者-食饵系统的定性分析-基础数学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 I万方数据 I 万方数据 摘 要 捕食者-食饵模型是种群动力学研究的中心内容,种群动力学行为可以用微分方程 来描述.从数学角度研究种群动力系统有助于人类对生物种群的开发和控制.本文主要 研究了三类具有功能反应和收获率的捕食者-食饵系统.利用微分方程定性理论和时滞 微分方程的相关理论对系统进行了定性分析,得到其持续生存和全局稳定的充分条件. 全文由六章组成： 第一章概述了生物数学和种群生态学的发展历程和研究意义.第二章简单介绍了微 分方程与种群动力学的相关理论.第三章研究了一类具 Bedding-DeAngelis 型功能反应和 同时具有收获率和投放率的非自治系统,利用动力学方法和构造 Lyapunov 函数,得到了 系统持续生存和全局稳定的充分条件.第四章讨论了一类具有 Allee 效应和避难所的捕 食者-食饵系统,运用微分方程的基本理论证明了解的有界性,分析了系统奇点的存在性 和稳定性,得到了系统存在极限环和无环的充分条件.第五章研究了一类具时滞和 HollingⅡ类功能反应的捕食者-食饵模型,通过分析特征方程和构造适当的 Lyapunov 函 数,得到了正奇点存在和全局稳定的充分条件,并讨论了正奇点附近 Hopf 分支的存在性 问题.第六章对全文进行了总结,概括出研究的结论与存在的不足,对将来的研究前景进 行了展望. 关键词: 捕食者-食饵系统;功能反应;持续生存;时滞;全局渐近稳定 Abstract Abstract II万方数据 II 万方数据 Abstract A predator-prey model is the central content of population dynamics, Population dynamics behavior can be described in differential equations. In a mathematical sense, population dynamics research can help mankind to development and control biological populations. The thesis mainly researches three classes of predator-prey with functional response and harvesting rates. Qualitative analysis is made by employing the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations and the related theories of the delay differential equations, the sufficient condition for guaranteeing the permanence of the system and global asymptotic stability are established. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first part reviews the development history and significance of the mathematical biology and population ecology. The second part introduces the related theory on differential equations and population dynamics. In the third part, on the basis of a class of autonomous system with double density restrict, a nonautonomous system with Bedding-DeAngelis functional responses, investing rates and harvesting rates is discussed. Sufficient conditions are obtained for permanence and global asymptotic stability of the system by using the analytical approach and constructing a suitable Lyapunov function. In the fourth part, a predator-prey model with Allee e