几类泛函微分方程的定性理论研究及其应用应用数学专业论文.docxVIP

i i 摘 要 泛函微分方程解的性质揭示了动力系统的行为，因而在生态学，经济学和物 理学等诸多领域有着广泛地应用，所以它们解的各种动力学性质吸引了很多作者 的注意，尤其是关于解的振动性等研究. 首先，在第一章我们介绍了泛函微分方程解的振动理论的发展，研究内容和 意义，以及分数阶泛函微分方程的发展历史.其次，我们由四个部分组成本论文 的主要研究内容，从第二章到第四章我们分别讨论了一类带有阻尼项的二阶非线 性微分方程，一类二阶半线性中立型微分方程和一类三阶非线性中立型微分方程 解的一些振动准则.利用某些新的技巧和反证法，我们得到有关方程所有解振动 的一些充分条件，新的结论改善和推广了相关文献的振动准则，并且可以应用于 以前所不能处理的若干情形.给出的例子用来阐明新的结论.利用某些不动点定 理，在第五章我们研究了一类带有初始值的分数阶非线性微分方程解的存在性和 惟一性，新的结论改善和推广了相关文献的定理. 关键字：泛函微分方程；振动性；最终正解；分数阶；不动点定理. ii ii The research of qualitative theory of some classes of functional differential equations and their application Abstract The solutions of functional differential equations reveal the behavior of dynamical systems, so it has widely applied in many fields, such as ecology, economics and physics, so the various dynamical properties of their solutions have attracted widely attentions of many authors, in particular, on the research of oscillation. First, we introduced the development, research content and significance of oscillation theory of functional differential equations, as well as the development of history of fractional functional differential equations in the first chapter. Next, four parts are consisted of the mainly study in this paper. From the second charpter to the forth chapter, we have discussesed respectively oscillation criteria of a class of second order nonlinear differential equation with damping term, a class of second order quasilinear neutral differential equations and a class of third order nonlinear neutral differential equations. Using some new methods and reduction to absurdity, some sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions are given, new results improve and extend some similar oscillation criteria, and cannot be applied to a number of previous cases. Examples are inserted to illustrate the results. Using some fixed point theorems, we studied the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a class of initial value problems of fractional order nonlinear differential equation in the fifth chapter,