基坑降水引起地表沉降分析-地质工程(岩土工程)专业论文.docxVIP

硕士研究生学位论文 摘要 I 摘要 随着经济的发展，基坑工程越来越多，作为基坑工程的一个重要组成部分，基坑降 水正受到越来越多的重视。基坑降水能保证基坑开挖的顺利进行及整个基坑的安全，然而 大范围的降水可能引发一系列的环境问题，尤其是降水带来的地表沉降问题已引起广泛关 注。但是，目前对降水引起的地表沉降的计算尚缺乏合理有效的方法，因此，需要在这个 方面进行更多的探索和研究。 本文对沈阳地铁沿线的工程地质与水文地质条件进行了研究，得出地铁沿线场地岩性 特征和沿线地层含水性规律，总结了沈阳地铁降水的特点和难点。 本文运用土力学和水力学的基本理论，在一维竖向渗流的假定下对均质土和层状土 中降水引起坑内外土中有效应力变化及周围地表沉降的计算方法进行了较深入的研究，推 导了相应的地表沉降计算公式。最后指出渗流对基坑的稳定性也有一定影响并提出了一些 减小降水对周围环境危害的措施。 研究表明，基坑降水及由此引发的渗流使得土中有效应力改变，是基坑周围地表发生 沉降的根本原因。地表沉降不仅取决于坑外降水深度和坑内外水头差，还与土层的渗透性 有关，随着土体渗透系数的增加而增加,因此可通过减小土体渗透系数的方法减小土体沉 降。 对于成层分布的土体，渗流引起的有效应力变化量与该层土的渗透系数成反比，即渗 透性强的土层渗流引起的有效应力变化相对较小，而渗透性差的土层渗流引起的有效应力 变化较大。 降水引起的渗流造成被动区土体有效应力的减小，会削弱基坑底部土体的稳定性。 通过本课题的研究，提出了基坑降水考虑渗流作用时的沉降计算方法，对工程实践 具有一定的参考价值。 关键词：基坑；降水；一维渗流；有效应力；沉降 II ABSTRACT 硕士研究生学位论文 ABSTRACT Along with the development of economy, more and more foundation pit projects appear. As an important constituent of the foundation pit projects, dewatering deserves more researches. The foundation pit drainage can guarantee the excavation of foundation be carried on smoothly and the security of whole foundation pit. However, the large scope dewatering may bring some environment problem. Especially the problem of settlement for ground surface, some expert had pay much attention to it. But there is no a reasonable and reliable evaluating method so far, therefore more explorations and research in this aspect need to be carried on. At first, along with the first line of ShengYang subway, some study was made about the engineering geology and hydrogeology, made a conclusion about the moisture quality of stratum and the distributing law, sum up the character and the difficult in dewatering of ShenYang subway. In this paper, base on the principles of hydraulic and soil mechanics, the change of effective stress in soil mass and the settlement of ground surface induced by dewatering during excavation both in homogeneous soil and in layered soil were derived. Analytical formulas for calculating the settlement and the others were derived under the assump