基坑降水对周围环境影响的数值模拟分析-岩土工程专业论文.docxVIP

基坑降水对周围环境影响的数值模拟分析摘要 基坑降水对周围环境影响的数值模拟分析 摘要 在粉砂性土地基中，为增加基坑的稳定性，降低地下水位、减少基坑内外水头 差是比较常用、有效且经济的措施。但降低地下水位将引起周围建(构)筑物和 地下管线产生附加沉降，对周围环境产生不良影响。基坑降水对周围环境的影响 已经引起人们的重视，但总体而言，目前国内外对这方面的研究尚未深入，有必 要对此进行系统的研究。 首先介绍了二维非稳定渗流有限元方程，讨论了潜水含水层的自由边界处理问 题，建议采用初流量法处理潜水含水层的自由面计算问题，该方法的优点是对自 由面处理过程中，可以不必修改计算单元的结点坐标，这对于应力场与渗流场的 耦合分析计算非常有利。 其次根据土体的平衡微分方程、质量守恒定律、有效应力原理以及达西定律建 立了考虑源汇项的渗流场与应力场耦合数学模型，并且提出了直接耦合有限元计 算方法。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对基坑降水环境效应的耦合性状进行分析。 通过二维有限元计算分析表明：降水后基坑周围水位线、降水影响范围和地表 沉降的分布规律受基坑周围土体弹性模量、渗透系数和降水深度等因素影响。对 基坑周围水位线、降水影响范围性状和周围土体沉降性状依次进行了分析。考虑 回灌作用的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置回灌井或者回灌排水沟都可减小回灌 处以外的地表总的沉降和不均匀沉降，随着排水沟离开基坑边距离的增加，回灌 点以外的总沉降量和不均匀沉降都减少，回灌井埋设深度对周围地表沉降影响较 小；通过考虑止水帷幕的有限元模型计算分析表明：设置止水帷幕可大大减小基 坑周围土体总沉降和不均匀沉降，随着打设止水帷幕深度的增加，基坑周围地表 总沉降和不均匀沉降都减小。 最后将直接耦合有限元模型应用于杭州大剧院基坑降水工程，并将计算结果和 现场实测数据进行对比，验证了渗流耦合模型的在工程应用中的合理性和正确性， 具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 关键词：基坑降水流固耦合非稳定渗流有限元分析环境影响 Numeric Numeric Simulation and Analysis ofthe Influence ofpit’s Surrounding Environment Induced by Dewatering Abstract At present，it is usually effective and economical in excavation in silt-sand soil layer that draining ground water or reducing the difference of water head by light pumping wells or other equipments in order to increase the stability of the pit．However, the lowering of water table will cause harmful subsequent settlement and influence the building and municir)al facilities which are near the pit．This problem has caused the attention of many technicians and scholars，but it has not been deeply studied or successfully attacked．Therefore，it is necessary to systemically study the mechanics of the influence induced by dewatering．In this paper,some aspects of this problem were studied as followed． Based on the two—dimensional unsteady seepage flow theory，a finite element equation was present，then the Initial Flow Method which is very beneficial for the coupled analysis problem was introduced for the computation of the phreatic surface because the same FEM grid had been used for stress and seepage calculation． By the law of conserv