课件：糖尿病的健康管理.ppt

资料可以编辑修改使用 资料来源网络，如有侵权联系删除，不负法律责任谢谢 感谢您的观看和下载 资料仅供参考，实际情况实际分析 The major goals of nutrition therapy for people with diabetes are to: ? Attain and maintain optimal metabolic outcomes achieve blood glucose goals (in other words, to maintain glucose levels as near normal as much of the time as possible). Achieve optimal blood lipid levels and blood pressure to reduce risk of macro and micro vascular disease. ? Prevent, delay, or treat nutrition-related complications including but not limited to obesity and cardiovascular disease(CVD) ? Improve health through optimal nutrition and physical activity. Optimal nutrition is achieved by the consumption of the proper types and amounts of protein, carbohydrate, fiber, fat and micronutrients. Address individual nutritional needs taking into consideration personal and cultural preferences, lifestyle and individual willingness to change. * Exercise generally is regarded as having a beneficial effect for everyone. The benefits are many and may be even more favorable for the person with diabetes. Most benefits result from chronic (regular, long term) aerobic (cardiovascular) exercise. Weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity are only two of the many benefits associated with exercise. Others include increased flexibility, better cardiovascular functioning, increased flexibility and the maintenance or increase in muscle mass. * * 因此，现代饮食使我们得以接触种类繁多的不同类型淀粉类食物。例如土豆类制品包括煮土豆、烤土豆、油炸土豆。还有不同类型的面类制品、豆类制品和米类制品。有些水果也可以提供淀粉，例如香蕉。当然还包括不同种类的面包。另外还可以从薄脆饼、饼干以及各种早餐谷类食品中获取淀粉。 * 根据这类试验，我们将膳食碳水化合物分为三类：首先是糖，糖可进一步分为游离糖和糖醇；第二类是短链碳水化合物，分为麦芽糊精和抗性短链碳水化合物；第三类是多糖，分为淀粉和非淀粉多糖。但是它们在小肠内的消化以及血糖应答是不同的。接下来我简要介绍这几组碳水化合物。 * 血糖生成指数(glycemic index, GI)的测定是一项临床试验，给12名空腹健康受试者食用标准负荷的碳水化合物，2小时后测定血糖。蓝色曲线是参照食物的血糖应答曲线，参照食物为葡萄糖或白面包；红色曲线是测试食物的血糖应答曲线。血糖生成指数即为测试食物的血糖曲线下面积与葡萄糖的血糖曲线下面积的比值。 * * 三、分类及诊断标准、临床特点 IDDM——胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ◎多见于幼年、青少年 ◎三多一少症状明显，易发生酮症中毒 ◎常需终身依赖胰岛素 NIDDM——非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 ◎多见于40Y以上的成年人 ◎肥胖 ◎病程缓慢，三多一少症状不明显 ◎胰岛素相对不足，常需药物治疗 妊娠糖尿病 ◎一般在妊娠后期发生，占妊娠妇女的2％～3％。 ◎发病