激光束扫描方式对40Cr表面改性层组织性能的影响-材料加工工程专业论文.docxVIP

- - I - 摘 要 本文以正火态 40Cr 钢为基体，利用 HL-1500 无氦横流 CO2 激光加工机在 基体表面形成激光束斜角度入射扫描 改性层及大面积间距和交叉网格扫描的 改性层 ，研究激光相变硬化改性层的组织 、性能和工艺参数对组织性能的影响。 研究结果表明： 试样的横截面由表及里分为相变硬化区、 过渡区和基体区； 相 变硬化区的组织为细小针状马氏体 +残余奥氏体 ，过渡区的组织为马氏体 +残余 奥氏体 +铁素体 +碳化物 ，基体区保持原有组织不变 。激光不同入射角度扫描时， 随着入射角度的增加， 改性层深度逐渐减小， 显微硬度值和相对耐磨性也逐渐 下降；当入射角度低于 40°时，改性层表现出较高的硬度值及相对耐磨性，当 入射角度高于 40°时，改性层的硬度值及相对耐磨性下降幅度加剧，不利于表 面改性，故当入射角度大于 40°时激光表面改性效果不明显；改性层的维钝电 流密度明显升高， 钝化区间也有所减小。 不同间距扫描时， 间距 12mm 的试样 平均硬度最高，为 61.1HRC，耐磨性最好，是基体的 2.9 倍，耐盐腐蚀性能最 好； 间距 16mm 的试样耐酸腐蚀性能最好， 其致钝电流密度和维钝电流密度最 小，钝化区间为 1200mV 。交叉网格扫描时，改性层表面平均硬度达到 59.6~60.7HRC，约为基体的 2~3 倍，相对耐磨性比基体提高 1.6~1.9 倍；耐酸 腐蚀性能明显优于基体； 当网格间距为 12mm 时其硬度、 耐磨性和耐酸腐蚀性 能最佳。 关键词：激光相变硬化；扫描方式；改性层；组织；性能 - - II - Abstract In this paper, with HL-1500 helium-free transverse flow CO2 laser processing machine，on normalized 40Cr steel substrate，modified layers are formed by laser beam obliquely incident scaning, large acreage and staggered mesh scanning. The microstructure and properties of modified layers by laser transformation hardening and the effects of process parameters on them were studied. Results indicate that the microstructure from the outside to the inside of samples is respectively phase hardened region, transition region and substrate region. The phase hardened region are fine acicular martensites and retained austenites, the transition region are tempered martensites, retained austenites, ferrites and carbides. The substrate region remains unchanged. When the laser incidents with different angle, the depth of hardened layer decreases with the increase of incident angle. The microhardness and wear resistance alse reduces accordingly. When the incident angle is below 40°, the microhardness and wear resistance are high, when over 40°, they decrease remarkably, so not good for surface modified, the maintaining passivity current density increases obviously and the passivation region minishes in some degree. Properties change as scaning space