液晶物理学2-LCD显示原理.ppt

Chapter 2 LCD顯示原理 TN-LCD的視角限制 TN operation principal Normally Black NB:上下偏光板穿透軸平行 Normally White NW:上下偏光板穿透軸垂直 一般TN均為Normally white TN之光電曲線 NW NB NW在暗狀態下有self-compensation effect?對比高 NB在暗狀態下液晶對光有作用所以有色散現?對比低 等效Dn =0 LC LC Optics of TN LC Calculate LC Directors profile Calculate transmittance: Jones Matrices 3. Calculate viewing angle Extended Jones Matrices Rubbing direction 與配向之關係 Rubbing direction LC分子沿著rubbing方向排列 LC 配向膜 TN LCD之製作方法 TFT大玻璃基板 CF大玻璃基板 Rubbing direction Rubbing direction Rubbing process Assembly Rubbing direction on panel TN LCD之製作方法 Structure of a TN LCD Rubbing direction Rubbing direction 大部分之TN LCD為左旋設計 TFT CF ? LC rotation trace ? Pretilt angle ~90o Transmittance of a TN-LCD TN之穿透率(T?)和1. LC之?nd和twist angle ?, 2. 入射光偏振和第一層LC之夾角?相關 其中 , ? From Jones matrix calculation Transmittance of LCD Transmittance for ECB type 考慮通過低一片偏光板之光強會少一半 ECB type ECB LC ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) analyzer polarizer ?=45o analyzer polarizer ?nd = 0 E Transmittance of TN (Twisted Nematic) LCD =0.866 TN, ?=90o named for NB T?有極大值,且其值和?無關 m=1 m=2 ?nd在1st minimum (or 2nd., 3rd. minimum….. 時T?和?無關) TN之?nd選在 1st minimum 附近(m=1) 當?=0o, Mauguin limit ?nd ?時,旋光效應 NW V=0 As V increases i.e. u1, ?=90o, ?=0o 1st minimum and polarization rotation effect (NW) TN之e-mode和o-mode 入射光偏振和第一層LC分子平行 e-mode 入射光偏振和第一層LC分子垂直 o-mode 對比的定義 CR? 對比高 對比低 NW 黑畫面電壓 白畫面電壓 視角的定義 CR10 No Gray-Scale Inversion Color Dispersion (?uv0.004) 顯示器座標定義 Normal θ = 0 ° θ : Viewing Angle Φ : Viewing Direction Φ =0 ° =180 ° Φ =270 ° Φ =90 ° Φ Φ =0 ° =180 ° Φ =270 ° Φ =90 ° Φ Normal θ = 0 ° θ : Viewing Angle Φ : Viewing Direction 上 下 左 右 ? Φ Iso-Contrast Contour 20 40 60 80 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 TN-LCD的視角限制 Bright state Dark state LC residual phase LC optical anisotropy ?視角不足 等對比(iso-CR)圖 CR=10 LC director Upper Right Lower Left Top View Upper Lower Glass substrate Side View LC director Glass substrate Grey Scale Inversion GSI angle Gray Scale Inversion(GSI)的定義 液