美国总统竞选辩论的批评话语分析-外国语言学及应用语言学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract As a brand—new method of discourse analysis，the function of Critical Discourse Analysis is to disclose the ideology hidden in the discourse and its influence on the discourse as well as the counteractive influence the discourse execs on ideology．This thesis mainly employs Fairclough’S theory to analyze 2008 American three—dimensional ^ presidential debates between Barack Obama and John McCain by describing the text of the debate discourse from three perspectives of transitivity,classification and transformation，interpreting the relation between the text and the discursive practice and explaining the social practice of the discourse under historic and political context．The research indicates that both candidates have implicitly manipulated the ideological orientation of the target audience through specific choice of words，deliberately change of subjects，shift of responsibility to others and Strategy of negative other-presentation．The underlying reason for such fierce battle at linguistic level is that the debater’S eloquence and performance may have contributed to the outcome of presidential election to some degree．In this sense，language is considered both as a site and a stake for power struggle． Furthermore，the author points out the significance of cultivating critical awareness in perceiving political discourse． Keywords：CDA；presidential debates；Fairclough；Halliday；discourse；ideology；power 1II _—-———-_——-—————_—————————————————一．塑垄堕蔓奎兰墅垒堡主兰垡笙苎—— IV 中文文摘中文文摘 中文文摘 中文文摘 四年一度的美国总统大选是具有深刻历史意义的政治事件，受到全世界的关注。 共和党与民主党作为美国两大主要政治党派之间溯来已久的驴象之争，在“自由”、 “民主”、“平等”的外衣下，实为资本和政治利益的博弈。美国总统竞选的历史历经 百年至今，对广大美国选民来说，他们的投票倾向不再是主要出于家族对某一政治 党派的忠诚，而衍变成对两党提名的总统候选人及其施政纲领的个人取向。因而， 通常在竞选冲刺阶段才上演的美国总统电视辩论，被认为有“一辩定乾坤”的重要作 用。在刚刚过去的2008年现任美国总统奥巴马与参议员麦凯恩之间的总统竞选辩论 便是一个很好的例证。在此背景下，研究政治辩论中两位候选人如何运用语言作为 有效武器宣扬政治主张、攻击对手弱点，并最终实现政治利益具有重要的意义。可 以说，美国总统竞选辩论既是政治事件，又是话语的社会实践。本文将从批评话语 分析的思路展开，通过微观层面对辩论话语的语言结构进行分析到宏观层面对社会 历史语境进行解读，从中揭示辩论语言中暗含的意识形态和权力关系，以期提高人 们的