胡椒木叶片精油成分分析及其抗氧化.pdf

热带亚热带植物学报 2016,24(1)：93 ~ 98 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 胡椒木叶片精油成分分析及其抗氧化、驱虫、抗菌 活性 1 2 1 3* 牛先前 ，杜丽君 ，林秀香 ，郑国华 (1. 福建省热带作物科学研究所，福建 漳州 363001；2. 漳州城市职业学院，福建 漳州363002 ；3. 福建农林大学园艺学院，福州 350002) 摘要: 为解决在城市绿化中滥用化学农药引起的生态问题，研究了胡椒木(Zanthoxylum piperitum)叶片的精油成分及其驱虫、 杀虫、杀菌活性。结果表明, 采用石油醚萃取胡椒木叶片精油的最佳工艺条件为提取时间4 h 、温度50℃、料液比1꞉5，得率 最高为0.5123% 。从胡椒木叶片精油中共鉴定出25 个化学成分，主要为酯类、烃类和醇类，占总峰面积的99.96%，而具有 驱虫、杀虫和抗菌活性的成分占88.50%，包括肉桂酸甲酯(87.83%)、柠檬烯(0.18%)、薄荷醇(0.11%)、香茅醛(0.10%)、α-蒎 烯(0.08%) 、α-石竹烯(0.08%) 、松油醇(0.04%) 、石竹烯(0.03%) 、羟基大牻牛儿- 1(10),5-二烯(0.03%)和β-水芹烯(0.02%)等。 20 mg mL– 1 的精油对DPPH·自由基的清除率达85.38%，接近BHT 阳性对照；但还原性低于Vc ，表现出较弱活性，这可能 与提取工艺有关。因此，胡椒木叶精油含有多种驱虫、杀虫、抗菌等生物活性成分，具有开发为天然植物农药的潜力。 关键词: 正交试验；溶剂萃取法；胡椒木；精油；GC-MS doi: 10.11926/j.issn.1005-3395.2016.01.013 Components of Essential Oils from Zanthoxylum piperitum Leaves and Its Capacities of Antioxidant, Anthelmintic, and Bacteriostasis 1 2 1 3* NIU Xian-qian , DU Li-jun , LIN Xiu-xiang , ZHENG Guo-hua (1. Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops, Zhangzhou 363001, Fujian, China; 2. Zhangzhou City College, Zhangzhou 363001, Fujian, China; 3. Horticulture College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China) Abstract: In order to resolve a series of ecological problem caused by abuse of chemical pesticides in urban greening, the composition of essential oils from Zanthoxylum piperitum leaves were analyzed, and their insecticidal and antibacterial effects were studied. The results showed that the optimum process of petroleum ether extraction for essential oils was 4 h, 50℃, with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1꞉5, and the highest yield was 0.5123%. Twenty five compounds dominated by hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters were identified, accounting for 99.96% of total