考虑客户重要度的软时间窗车辆路径优化问题研究-载运工具运用工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 随着科技的不断进步和市场竞争的日益激烈化，降低物流费用作为“第三利润源” 成为了企业最重要的竞争领域并受到人们的高度重视。占据了高比例物流费用的物流配 送是物流系统中的关键环节，各企业一直致力于降低物流配送的成本，这也是现代物流 领域研究的热点。物流配送涉及车辆路径问题(Vehicle Routing Problem，VRP)优化研究， 意在以一个最优的成本在满足客户要求的条件下完成配送。客户具有时间窗限制的车辆 路径问题就是带时间窗的车辆路径问题 (Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows,VRPTW)。传统的 VRPTW 是在满足客户需求量的前提下，考虑运输成本和由 违反时间窗产生的惩罚成本，研究使运输成本和惩罚成本总和最低的最佳车辆行驶路 径，但未考虑到客户满意程度对企业的影响。一些对企业具有重要意义的客户若未能得 到令其满意的服务，则会降低该部分客户为企业带来的价值，给企业带来了一定的损失。 本文介绍了车辆路径问题和客户重要度的相关理论，根据大客户价值理论，对客户 的潜在价值进行了分析，用客户的潜在价值来衡量客户的重要度。如果客户感到满意， 则该客户的潜在价值可以发挥到最大，即为企业带来的利润就越大。以客户的潜在价值 的总和来体现客户的满意情况，基于传统的车辆路径优化模型，研究构建使运输成本和 时间惩罚成本构成的总运输成本最小同时使所有客户的潜在价值最大的软时间窗车辆 路径模型。对于本文建立的考虑客户重要度的软时间窗车辆路径优化模型，采用小规模 数据检验其正确性，同时与不考虑客户重要度的 VRPTW 模型进行比较，突出本文所建 模型的实用性。最后设计了一种改进的遗传算法进行求解，采用 Solomon 标准数据进行 数值实验，实验结果进一步表明本文所建模型的准确性和算法的有效性。 关键词：软时间窗车辆路径问题，客户重要度，客户潜在价值，遗传算法 I Abstract With the advancement of technology and the increasingly fierce market competition, reduce logistics costs as the third profit source has become the most important competition area of company which attracts great attention. Logistics distribution is a key link of logistics system and accounted for a high proportion of logistics costs. Each company has been trying to cut the distribution cost which is also a hot of modern logistics research field. Distribution which involves an optimization study of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) aims to complete the delivery meeting customers’ requirements with an optimal cost. A vehicle routing problem of which the customers have limited time window is VRPTW. The traditional VRPTW studies the optimal vehicle path with the consideration of transport costs and penalties arising from the violations which can acquire the minimum of transport costs and time penalty cost in the condition of meet customers’ demand. However, the traditional VRPTW neglect the influence of customer satisfaction on enterprise. Some customers especially with great significance will reduce the value brought by them if the service get is uns