马铃薯脱毒和试管微型薯诱导技术-作物栽培学与耕作学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘要以卷叶和花叶病毒病发生严重的马铃薯品种克新3号和德友l号为材 摘要 以卷叶和花叶病毒病发生严重的马铃薯品种克新3号和德友l号为材 料，以茎尖为外植体进行组织培养脱毒研究，初步建立了一套集茎尖培养， 病毒检测和试管微型薯诱导为一体的技术体系。主要结果如下： 1．取带2个叶原基(长度约为0．2-0．5ram)的茎尖为外植体，在附加6-BA、 IAA和NAA的MS培养基上进行3个月的培养，成苗率达30％以上。另 外，在切取茎尖前对薯苗热疗(37C)4周，在基本不影响成苗率的同时， 可大幅度提高脱毒率。 2．在MS固体基本培养基上进行继代增殖培养，不易污染，但植株长势 较弱，采用棉纤维为载体的液体MS基本培养基可以壮菌，并提高增殖效 率。 3．利用带封口膜的150ml的三角瓶进行液体培养，并采取添加矮壮素， 改变光照强度等措施，有效解决了试管菌长势太弱而影响微型薯产量的问 题． 4．在培养基中添加3-5mg／L的6-BA或500mg／L的CCC，每天光照8小 时，暗处理16小时，可以显著提高试管薯的产量。 5．将8 cm左右高的脱毒菌在20C下揭盖放置2天，然后假植于以沙子为 基质的花盆中，成活率达95％以上。 关键词 马铃薯。组织培养．脱毒，茎尖，微型薯 AbstractAiming Abstract Aiming at establishing a metllod of meristem tip culture，virus detection and virus free seedling multiplication,two cultivars of potato，Kexin3 and Deyou 1,which were highly susceptible to potato PLRV and PYMV，were chosen as explants in experiments．The results were as follows： 1)The explants with two phyllomes(about 0．2-0．5mm in size 1were found to be suitable for virus-free seedling culture，which were cultured on solid MS medium supplement“tlI 6-BA,NAA and IAA．The result indicated that the plantlet Was over 30％after three months．In addition，a 4-week heat treatmem(37C)to seedlings before cutting down the meristem tip could result in a higher virus-free ratio and survival ratio almost has no change． 2)It will not to be polluted easily in the subculture on solid MS medium，but the seedlings Were weaker．A fiber carrier liquid medium was not only suitable for strengthening seedlings but also could result in a higher proliferation ratio． 3)Using 1 50mL triangular flask with Parafilm with the combination of liquid culPare，cycocel and light imensity changing were effective in eliminating flask seedling weakness which can affect microtuber production． 4)Adding 3-5mg／L 6-BA or 500mg／L CCC tO the medium，keeping it 8 hours in light and 16 hours in darkness every day could obviously improve microtuber production 5、Up to over 95％of virus-free seedlings could survive when the seedlings with a length of 8cm were put into the air at 2