利用邻苯二甲酸氢钾以标定所配制之氢氧化钠溶液浓度.PPT

38 38 38 37 36 40 40 39 39 39 38 37 40 40 40 39 38 41 41 41 40 39 45 45 45 44 43 50 50 49 48 47 52 52 51 50 49 54 54 53 52 51 56 56 55 54 53 * Example 11-15 When chlorine is bubbled into basic solution, it forms hypochlorite ions and chloride ions. Write and balance the net ionic equation. This is a disproportionation redox reaction. The same species, in this case Cl2, is both reduced and oxidized. Basic solution Cl2 ? ClO- +Cl- Mass balance the half-reaction Cl2 + 4OH- ? 2ClO- +2H2O Charge balance the half reaction Cl2 + 4OH- ? 2ClO- +2H2O+2e- oxidation half-reaction Mass balance the half-reaction Cl2 ? 2Cl- Charge balance the half reaction Cl2 + 2e- ? 2Cl- reduction half-reaction Disproportionation Reaction 不均化反應 is a redox reaction in which the same element is oxidized and reduced. +0 +1 Add the two half-reaction Cl2 + 4OH- ? 2ClO- + 2H2O +2e- Cl2 + 2e- ? 2Cl- 2Cl2 + 4OH- ? 2ClO- + 2Cl-+ 2H2O Cl2 + 2OH- ? ClO- + Cl-+ H2O * Concentrations of Solutions Second common unit of concentration: Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute per literof solution. Molarity = Number of moles of solute Number of liters of solution M = moles L M = mmoles mL M x L = moles solute and M x mL = mmol solute * Example 11-16 What volume of 0.200 M KMnO4 is required to oxidize 35.0 mL of 0.150 M HCl? The balanced reaction is: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl ? 2KCl + 2MnCl2+ 5Cl2+ 8H2O ?mmole HCl = 35ml solution x 0.150M = 5.25 mmol HCl ?mmol KMnO4 = 5.25 mmol HCl x 2 mmol KMnO4 16mmol HCl = 0.656 mmol KMnO4 ? ml KMnO4 = 0.656 mmol KMnO4 x 1mL 0.20mmol KMnO4 = 3.28ml KMnO4 * Example 11-17 A volume of 40.0 mL of iron (II) sulfate is oxidized to iron (III) by 20.0 mL of 0.100 M potassium dichromate solution. What is the concentration of the iron (II) sulfate solution? From Example 11-19 the balanced equation is: 6Fe2+ 14H+ + Cr2O72- ? 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O ?mmole Cr2O72- = 20.0ml solution x 0.100M = 2.00 mmol Cr2O72- ?mmol Fe2+ = 2.00 mmol Cr2O72- x 6 mmol Fe2+ 1mmol