美国食品法上“公认安全”物质之认定标准-法律专业毕业论文.docxVIP

上海交通大学硕士学位论文摘要 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 细则中对“在食品中普遍使用”的地理限制，并将改后的规则保留至今； 反映了国会、法院、行政机关对第 201 条（s）款理解的差异，以及法院 在消除差异中的关键角色。 国家标准和企业标准都是技术标准，“公认安全”法律标准是二者之 间的界限。“公认安全”认定标准是该法律标准的构成要素。“公认安全” 法律标准对审查我国的食品添加剂企业标准、合理划分国家标准与企业 标准之间的界限具有借鉴意义。 关键词：公认安全，食品添加剂，企业标准 2 上海交通大学硕士学位论文ABS 上海交通大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT THE NORMS FOR GRAS SUBSTANCE IN THE US FOOD LAW ABSTRACT In accordance with the Food Safety Law, China will solely establish national standards for the production of food additives, which probably results in the average use of the resource of administration supervision, the lack of the invest in the important fields of food safety, and even the barrier for rapid development of the food industry. Therefore, the filing of enterprise standards for food additives could be improved by reference to foreign experience. In the U.S., “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) is a legal regime of food safety provided in 21 U.S.C. § 321(s), a legal standard and a kind of food. The GRAS concept comes from the exception from the food additive definition. If an enterprise shows a particular use of an adding food ingredient is generally recognized by qualified experts as safe, the ingredient constitutes the GRAS substance, which can be marketed without the “national standards” set by the government. General recognition of safety by experts may be based on scientific procedures or experience based on 1 common use in food. The notification procedure started in 1997 leads to the overexpansion of the GRAS substance and seriously reduces the implementation of the legal norms of food additive. The Coco Rico case complied in all-around manner with the norms of deciding GRAS in precedents, and interpreted by these norms the GRAS double-layer determination structure of 21 U.S.C. § 321(s). The Fmali case analyzed the legislative intents of 21 U.S.C. § 321(s) and pointed out that the core of the GRAS norms is general recognition of safety by experts. On this ground, the court reviewed the F