重庆理工大学计算机科学与工程学院计算机网络英文课件 Topic6.pptVIP

Objectives At the end of this topic, you should be able to 6.1 Describe the various techniques of multiplexing 6.2 Describe Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 6.3 Describe Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 6.4 Describe Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line 6.5 Describe xDSL Topic 6 Multiplexing 6.1 Multiplexing 6.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM Useful bandwidth of medium exceeds required bandwidth of channel Each signal is modulated to a different carrier frequency Carrier frequencies separated so signals do not overlap (guard bands) e.g. broadcast radio Channel allocated even if no data 6.1 Frequency Division Multiplexing Diagram 6.1 Analog Carrier Systems ATT (USA) Hierarchy of FDM schemes Group 12 voice channels (4kHz each) = 48kHz Range 60kHz to 108kHz Supergroup 60 channel FDM of 5 group signals on carriers between 420kHz and 612 kHz Mastergroup 10 supergroups 6.1 WDM Operation Same general architecture as other FDM Number of sources generating laser beams at different frequencies Multiplexer consolidates sources for transmission over single fiber Optical amplifiers amplify all wavelengths Typically tens of km apart Demux separates channels at the destination Mostly 1550nm wavelength range Was 200MHz per channel Now 50GHz 6.1 Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM No official or standard definition Implies more channels more closely spaced that WDM 200GHz or less 6.2 Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing Data rate of medium exceeds data rate of digital signal to be transmitted Multiple digital signals interleaved in time May be at bit level of blocks Time slots preassigned to sources and fixed Time slots allocated even if no data Time slots do not have to be evenly distributed amongst sources 6.2 Time Division Multiplexing 6.2 TDM Link Control No headers and trailers Data link control protocols not needed Flow control Data rate of multiplexed line is fixed If one channel receiver can not receive data, the others must carry on The corres