重庆理工大学计算机科学与工程学院计算机网络英文课件 Topic7.pptVIP

Objectives At the end of this topic, you should be able to 7.1 Describe Switching Networks 7.2 Describe Circuit Switching 7.3 Describe Packet Switching 7.4 Describe the X.25 protocol 7.5 Describe the Frame Relay protocol 7.6 Describe the Cellular Wireless Networks 7.7 Explain ways to increase capacity of wireless network Topic 7 Wide Area Networks 7.1 Switching Networks Long distance transmission is typically done over a network of switched nodes Nodes not concerned with content of data End devices are stations Computer, terminal, phone, etc. A collection of nodes and connections is a communications network Data routed by being switched from node to node 7.1 Nodes Nodes may connect to other nodes only, or to stations and other nodes Node to node links usually multiplexed Network is usually partially connected Some redundant connections are desirable for reliability Two different switching technologies Circuit switching Packet switching 7.1 Simple Switched Network 7.2 Circuit Switching Dedicated communication path between two stations Three phases Establish Transfer Disconnect Must have switching capacity and channel capacity to establish connection Must have intelligence to work out routing 7.2 Circuit Switching - Applications Inefficient Channel capacity dedicated for duration of connection If no data, capacity wasted Set up (connection) takes time Once connected, transfer is transparent Developed for voice traffic (phone) 7.2 Public Circuit Switched Network 7.2 Telecomms Components Subscriber Devices attached to network Subscriber line Local Loop Subscriber loop Connection to network Few km up to few tens of km Exchange Switching centers End office - supports subscribers Trunks Branches between exchanges Multiplexed 7.2 Circuit Establishment 7.2 Circuit Switch Elements 7.2 Circuit Switching Concepts Digital Switch Provide transparent signal path between devices Network Interface Devices, digital telephones Control Unit Establish connections Generally on dem