三峡水库成库初期库区泥沙淤积研究-水力学及河流动力学专业毕业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 三峡工程是综合治理与开发长江的关键性工程，具有巨大的防洪、发电、航 运等综合效益。其蓄水运行以后，库区水位抬高，流速降低，库区河段内的水流 特性发生改变，对库区内的泥沙运动、河床形态、水流流态等产生较大影响。认 识库区泥沙运动的规律直接关系到三峡工程的治理、开发、保护等一系列问题。 本文在分析三峡水库蓄水运行后库区观测资料的基础上，采用数学模型对三 峡水库成库初期库区的泥沙淤积的形态、条件及运动规律进行了分析研究。 首先，通过对三峡工程前后各典型水文站的水沙条件变化、河道冲淤特性变 化以及淤积物分布变化分析得到，近年来流域径流量总体变化不大，而输沙量明 显减少，泥沙变细。蓄水前库区冲淤基本平衡，蓄水后则处于累积性的淤积状态。 其次，以三峡工程135．139m蓄水运行阶段作为一个系列。以库区河段水深的 不同以及淤积形式的不同，将整个库区河道划分为了三个部分。库区深水段淤积 形态表现为深槽平淤；浅水段淤积与河道形态相关；最小水深的变动回水区段则 冲淤相间。并总结了各部分河段的河床演变规律，提出了库区各段泥沙淤积的判 别条件。库区深水段，发生淤积的最大临界流速为1．2m／s，小于此值表现为淤积 状态。库区浅水段，当临界流速值U2．1m／s，断面不发生淤积；当Usl．2m／s， 断面一般淤积；而当平均流速处于两临界值之间1．2m／sU≤2．1m／s时，若为连续 弯道或者分汉放宽河道，则发生淤积，否则不淤积。变动回水区段，因没有明显 的累积性淤积，只是判断当断面平均流速U≥2．1m／s时，一般不发生淤积。 最后，针对库区浅水段河道形态淤积，对连续弯道进行了三维水流数值模拟。 结合断面淤积资料分析：大流量下连续弯道主流“走直一，环流将主流区所挟带的 细颗粒泥沙从中剥离，并随环流运动。泥沙会被挟带至弯道凸岸下游一侧的缓流 区落淤。 关键词：三峡库区；河床演变；数学模型；淤积判别；连续弯道 AB AB STRACT Three Gorges Project is the key projects that comprehensively develops the Yangtze River and reservoir managcmenL The project has a huge economic benefits such as flood control，power generation and shipping．ARer the impoundment,the water level of the reservoir has raise，the velocity reduces，and the flow characteristics of the reservoir aerd has changed．It has a great impact on the sediment deposition and erosion, channel morphology，and flow velocity of the reservoir area．So learning about the laws of reservoir sediment transport is directly related to the management,development, protection ofthe Three Gorges project Based on the analysis of the observational data about the Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment,established the mathematical models to used to research the morphology，conditions and the law of sediment deposition in the reservoir area． Through analyzing the change of runoff and sediment process，scouring-deposition in quantity and the process of deposit distribution which before and after the three gorges project in typical hydrological station．we known that the basin runoff change rarely in recent years，and sextiment discharge reduced obviously，