散粒体自组织临界性及其应用-防灾减灾工程及防护工程专业毕业论文.docxVIP

西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第Ⅱ页 5．结合干燥沙石l临界单面坡实验现象观察，对溜砂坡灾害的产生原因、 崩塌特性及防治原则进行了讨论，提出溜砂坡崩塌的三个主要成因：寒冻风 化引起上部沙粒来源的持续不断；坡面的风化作用使颗粒进一步均匀、细化， 造成原来处于亚临界而稳定的坡面达到临界而容易失稳：坡脚对牵引式崩塌 的制衡作用削弱，易受坡脚干扰而诱发。提出：颗粒组成较为均匀的溜砂坡， 雪崩规模是较均一的，时间分布上是准周期的，工程措旌所采用的安全系数 可以较准确地取定：溜砂坡的颗粒组成较复杂时，崩塌规模相差较大，安全 系数较难确定，但其平均崩塌量小，工程措施主要应考虑安全性与经济性的 合理平衡。溜砂坡的防治工程宜采用坡脚被动防护方式，提出了简易、经济、 合理的坡脚轻型支挡结构防治方案。 6．边坡崩塌落石的运动是散体大颗粒崩塌运动的典型情况，对这种灾害 的防治主要归结到已运动落石的被动防护——建设遮挡建筑物上。结合一具 体工点，对该灾害的防护工程方案进行研究和评述。 关键词 散粒体；自组织临界性；机制；非均匀；工程应用 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 西南交通大学硕士研究生学位论文 第1II页 Abstract This paper focus on the study on the self-organized criticality(SOC)in large-scale non—uniform granular mixtures，and the mechanical reasons of SOC， as well as the application of SOC in granular mixtures．The main findings are as follows： 1．Firstly,based on the experiment of large-scale critical slope made up of dry sand—gravel mixtures．which was disturbed by a sand adding convey from the top of the slope，it is confirmed that self-organized criticality in granular mixtures is strongly influenced by the non—uniform degree of granular material． The non—uniform degree，as organizing structure principle，is a universe factor which affecting SOC．Then，using the large-scale coarse grained soil test system， the relative density and direct shear characteristics of sand—gravel mixtures ln different size distribution were tested．And the SOC affecting mechanism derived from non-uniform granular material was discussed．袖e壤enomcnon Can be observed that，along with the increase of lion—uniform degree，the accumulate structure will become more complex，and the sliding resistance among sands will grow accordingly．The physical characters determined by the structure of non”uniform granular mixtures，the multiform failure states and the higher energy dissipation，Can cause sufficient restraint on disturbing—feedback propagation， granular mixtures will maintain overall stabilization accordingly．Thus，the two dynamical conditions(sensitive and robustness)will be satisfied simult