论贝尔纳学派的科学学-外国哲学专业论文.docxVIP

摘要科学学作为一门对科学进行科学地规划的学科，产生于二十 摘要 科学学作为一门对科学进行科学地规划的学科，产生于二十 世纪三十年代，成体系的科学学理论形成的标志，是J．D．贝尔纳的 《科学的社会功能》的出版，在此以后，以贝尔纳的理论为核心， 形成了一个科学学的研究团体，这一团体被称为贝尔纳学派。贝 尔纳学派从科学史研究的角度出发，认为科学作为社会历史的产 物，与社会的政治、经济、精神等其他要素有着不可分割的联系， 科学的产生，发展与最终的目的，只有在社会历史因素与作为社 会子系统的科学建构的关系中才能实现。在此基础上，贝尔纳学 派提出，科学学理论应当立足于科学的社会历史性，将科学视为 社会系统的一个同形结构，分析科学与政治、经济、军事以及科 学内部的人员、组织、交流、政策等社会性关系，进而提供改进 社会和科学自身的合理化的方案。这种科学学理论被称为历史主 义的科学学理论，贝尔纳学派也由此被称为历史主义的科学学派。 贝尔纳学派是第一个提出系统的科学学理论的学派，并且长 期以来，学派的理论一直是西方科学学的主流理论。本文认为， 对贝尔纳学派科学学理论的产生、发展及终结的考察，有助于我 们理解科学学这一新兴学科的特殊性质；也有助于当代中国科学 学理论的建构。因此，本文试图对贝尔纳学派在理论上的前提、 特色及其局限性作出分析，以期揭示出科学学学科发展的历史轨 迹与内在逻辑。 【关键词】科学学 历史主义科学学 贝尔纳学派 科学的社会功能 ABSTRACTScience ABSTRACT Science of Science，as a subject to program science，was founded in the l 930s．It was the publishing of the social function of science that symbolized the formation of the system of science of science theory．From then on，the circle of researchers of science of science was founded on the base of Bemal’S theory，which was named Bemal School who，and they had proved，by their hard work in the study of history of science．that science as social historical outcome had a closely relationship with social politics，economy，spirit and other elements．The form，development and the ultimate goal of science， could not get into reality if only by putting them in the elements of sociaI history and the social subsystem．Founded on the basis、Bemal School had tried hard to put forward that the theory of the science of science be based on the social history of science by looking on the science as the phenomena of homo—structure，in social systems analyzing．Science with politics，economy，army and the faculty， organization，policy，communication and other social connections，and offered reasonable policy to improve society and science itselE The theory was called the science of science theory of historicism，and SO Bernal School was regarded as a school of historicism in science of science． It was the Bemal School who had been the first one to put forward the theor