失稳机理在结构工程中应用的若干问题探讨-土木工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要失稳机理在结构工程中应用的若干问题探讨 摘要 失稳机理在结构工程中应用的若干问题探讨 摘要 失稳一直是工程中的一个重要课题，有关这方面的研究和应用也十分丰富。 但是，以往的研究和应用大都偏重于失稳的防止，而对合理利用失稳这方面涉及 不多。通过查阅文献了解到实际工程中不乏有效利用失稳的例子，不同的失稳类 型有着不同的后屈曲特点，因而失稳利用的角度和方法也不相同。 本文从利用失稳的角度提出问题，首先综述不同的失稳类型及其特点，并以 此为依据归类介绍了利用失稳的工程实例，包括利用欧拉屈曲的装置、利用跳跃 失稳原理的装置以及利用薄壁构件失稳的耗能装置。在此基础上开展了以下几个 方面的工作：首先研究欧拉屈曲装置中的屈曲元件，通过大挠度分析提取了关键 的性能参数——屈曲后元件的轴向刚度并与屈曲前的相比，从而对其工作原理有 个定量的认识；随后分析了有侧向支承结构的受压性能及动力性能；接着对套筒 受压构件提出了改造，设想在某些位置加设传感装置以实现了传感内核受力情况 的目的，并作为监控装置应用到实际结构中；最后深入研究具有后屈陷强度失稳 形式的后屈曲路径，通过特定的加载步骤实现了非常见的后屈曲路径，然后具体 给出了(矩形1薄板的加载步骤，通过算例分析薄板的后屈曲性能及卸载曲线，在卸 载(或受拉1过程中出现了从一条后屈曲路径跳跃到另外一条路径的现象，因此设想 作为监测元件应用到构件或结构中，以实现监测过大的拉力或拉应变的目的。 关键词：失稳利用，欧拉屈曲元件，双钢管构件，方形薄板后屈曲 AbstractlnVestigationS Abstract lnVestigationS on the Application of Buckling Mechanism in Structural Engineering ABSTRACT Buckling has been important topic in engineering，and its relevant investigations and applications are abundant．HoweveL the former investigations and applications are mainly concerned with buckling prevention rather than its reasonable utilization．The way to utilize buckling depends its post—buckling characteristics． Different types of buckling were summarized first，then a few examples of buckling utilization in practical engineering were list according to their types of buckling，which include utilization of Euler buckling，utilization of snap-through buckling，utilization of thin—wailed structures for energy dissipation．The following studies are carried out in this dissertation：(1)Concerning the Euler buckling element，important parameters such as the ratio of post—buckling axial stiffness to pre—buckling one were obtained throuIgh large—deflection analysis，so clear knowledge was got about the principle of utilization of Euler buckling．(2)Some improvement was made to sleeved strut，sensors are assumed to be fixed at some position to monitor compression of the corc，therefore it can be used monitoring devices in space structure．(3)Post—buckling path can be got by the steps mentioned here，similar snap—through was foun